Rudyard Kiplings Captains Courageous Essay -- Rudyard Kipling Captain

Rudyard Kiplings Captains Courageous Captains Courageous, by Rudyard Kipling, was referred to as a childrens nautical adventure story, but it has entertained audiences for generations. The main t angiotensin-converting enzyme in the story was Harvey Cheyne. Harvey is the son of a millionaire and a snobbish little brat. He acts pretty big around the crew of the ship he was alongside. The attached important character is Manuel. Manuel is a Portuguese boy about Harveys age, which by the way is in his pre to mid teens. Manuels dialogue helps add to a bit of comic relief. The next character is Dan. Dan is around Harveys age as well. Dan is the son of Disko Troop, the Captain of the Were Here. Speaking of Disko Troop, he is an honorable military personnel who runs his ship well. He is very set in his ways. Throughout the story there were other characters that are referred to such as the cook, and some others.At one time, I felt that Harvey would try to abandon ship, b ut instead he did not, and did something almost completely opposite.Throughout the story, the major action and story takes place aboard the Were Here. The setting sets the tone for a true nautical story.The relationship between Dan and his father is textbook. Disko Troop is pretty set in his ways and all in all that, while Dan follows instructions, but still leaves room to think and dream.The theme seems to relate to our class, in that I feel that the overall theme was change and maturing. It seems that if there were a...

Gillette Marketing Plan Essay -- Business Marketing Analysis Managemen

Gillette Marketing PlanGillettes $9.2 billion global headache began on September, 1901 by the pretend of American Safety Razor Company. In 1902 it was names Gillette Safety Razor Company. The Gillette Company today is the global market leader in nearly a dozen major consumer products categories, principally in the grooming, alkaline battery and oral care businesses. It is the largest known phoner for producing razors and other shaving products. The five different business units Gillette focuses on are Blades & Razors, Duracell, Oral Care, Braun and Personal care. This project deals with the production of a disposable razor with incorporated gel. Gillette is the largest well known company for producing razors. The company receives the greatest profits from that operation. Gillette sells products in all over 200 countries and has approximately 28,700 employees, 70& from which are outside of the US. Manufacturers operate at 31 facilities in 14 countries and 40% of sales come from NEW products for 11 consecutive years.The Gillette Companys Vision is to build Total Brand Value by innovating to deliver consumer value and customer leading faster, better and more completely than their competition. This Vision is supported by two fundamental principles that provide the foundation for all of our activities organisational Excellence and Core Values.Organizational Excellence is accomplished by superior and continually improving performance in every area and at every level of the organization. Gillettes performance should be guided by a clear and concise strategic statement for each business unit. Excellence requires hiring, developing and retaining a diverse workforce of the highest caliber.The triad core values that define the ... ...ategic direction of the company of holding the leadership position n the grooming market. Also, this strategy will fit with Gillettes major, sustainable, competitive return of being an industry innovator (3). Manufacturing the Sensor 3 Gel will add value to the organization, as it will reposition the Gillette Company as the undisputable industry leader.The disposable razor target market will be male population across the world. In 2002 more than 1.7 billion men over 15 years old removed hair daily with over 80% using a blade and a razor (2). These numbers tape that there is a large market for razors worldwide. The disposable razor will first be manufactured with a regular shave gel to ingathering to a large group of men. But in the long run, new and more focused groups will be targeted. Different shaving gels for different fount of skins will be introduced.

Intuitions :: Philosophy Judgement Papers

IntuitionsThis paper examines two attempts to dislodge the way in which intuitions about specific cases are used as evidence for and against philosophical theories. check to the concept model, intuitions about cases are trustworthy applications of ones typically tacit grasp of certain concepts. We argue that regardless of whether externalist or internalist accounts of conceptual surfeit are correct, the concept model flounders. The second justification rests on the less familiar belief model, which has it that intuitions in philosophy derive from ones (often tacit) beliefs. Although to a greater extent promising than the concept model, the belief model fails to justify traditional philosophical use of intuitions because it is not clear a priori that the beliefs at issue are true. The last mentioned model may, however, legitimize a less a prioristic approach to intuitions. If anything unifies different philosophical methodologies its some sort of reliance on intuitions. Its remar kable, therefore, how rarely we attempt to justify their employment in philosophy. The intuitions philosophers care about are typically judgements about whether specific (hypothetical or actual) cases are cases of a certain kind. Some philosophical event such as reference, knowledge or personal identity is under investigation. A theory is proposed and is then tested against our intuitions about specific cases that bear on the topic. In general, if our intuitions contradict what a theory implies about whether, say, S refers to x, or knows that p, or is identical to T, this counts against the theory. If on the other hand, our intuitions match what a theory tells us about particular cases, this usually counts in favor of the theory.All procedures of this sort rest on a principle like I I Intuitions about specific cases can be used as evidence for and against philosophical theories. This paper is about whether I can be justified. We examine two models, the Concepts baffle (CM) and the Belief Model (BM). In our view, neither of them provides a solid foundation for I as it is traditionally applied in philosophy. CMCM has tetrad components1. A concept, C, determines what it takes for something to fall under that concept (what it takes for something to be a C).2. Someone who possesses or grasps a concept, C, doesnt always know explicitly what it takes to be a C because some (maybe most) concepts are understood by us in part tacitly.3. Intuitions about whether specific cases fall under C are reliably channelize by, or generally match ones understanding, tacit or otherwise, of C.

Deism and Changes in Religious Tolerance in America Essay -- Deism Rel

Deism and Changes in Religious Tolerance in America Religious conscience in America has evolved considerably since the first settlers emigrated here from Europe. Primary settlements were established by Puritans and Pilgrims who believed their errand into the wilderness America was above all else a religious errand, and all institutions - townsfolk meeting, school, church, family, law-must faithfully reflect that fact (Gaustad 61). However, as colonies grew, dissenters emerged to challenge Puritan authority indeed, many of them left the church to join untraditional religious sects such as the Ranters, the Seekers, the Quakers, the Antinomians, and the Familists (Westbrook 26). Debates all over softening the stance on tolerance in the church engendered hostility in many religious leaders, priming some officials to take action. Whether it was in direct response to the liberalizing tendencies beginning to take hold in some . . . New England churches (Westbrook 65), or a reaction aga inst the attempt in the Age of debate to reduce Christian doctrine to rationalistic explanation (Great Awakening), the Great Awakening impressed upon the issues of religious conscience. Moreover, what spawns from this controversy is a query over the juxtaposition of morality and spirituality the question of whether these conditions are actually related. The gradual escalation of unconventional thinking in religious affairs facilitated new ideas on what defined spirituality one religious theory, boosted by Thomas Paine and his book, The Age of Reason, denounced both Christianity and Atheism, proposing instead, a new concept the middle path of Deism. As a advanced religious view rising in popularity during the middle of the e... ...ns, it is quite possible that Americans would not have religious freedom today. Works Cited Gaustad, Edwin S., ed. A Documentary annals of Religion in America to the Civil War. Grand Rapids William B. Eerdmans, 1982. Great Awakening. Colliers Encyc lopedia. 1996 ed. Paine, Thomas. The Age of Reason. Ed. Moncure Daniel Conway. New York G.P. Putnams Sons, 1930. Richmond, B.A. Deism Its History, Beliefs, & Practices. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 25 July 2000. http//www.religioustolerance.org/deism.htm. Walters, Kerry S. The American Deists Voices of Reason and withstand in the Early Republic. Lawrence UP of Kansas, 1992. ---. Benjamin Franklin and His Gods. Chicago University of Illinois, 1999. Westbrook, Perry D. A Literary History of New England. Cranbury Associated University, 1988.

Invisible Man Essay -- Literary Analysis, Ralph Ellison

Equality between individuals is a primary step to prosperity under a democracy. However, does this righteous continue to apply among differences and distinct characters of the total population? In the novel, Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, the protagonists suffers from the lack of acknowledgement guaranteed to African Americans in both the North and in the south regions of North America during the early 1900s. The Narrator expresses the poignant problems that blacks face as he travels to the North. An anti-hero is created on his voyage of being expelled from college, earning a job at improperness Paints, and joining the organization group called Brotherhood. The Narrator begins to follow the definition others characters give to him while fighting for the possibility of black rights. On a heros journey to a tragic downfall, the Narrator attempts to help the community of Harlem despite of his black individuality, invisibility, and alienation in society.Family and childhood experien ces are the backbone to ones interests, personality, and view of the world in which they live in. Ralph Ellisons biological grandparents were part of the movement of colonialism as slaves. His father, Lewis Ellison, brought the family to Oklahoma when he became a construction foreman. Ralph Ellison was exposed to the life story of his parents fighting to keep segregation laws nonexistent in the Oklahoma constitution as a child. Ralph Ellisons father named him after Ralph Waldo Emerson in hopes that his destiny would drive him to become a poet. The start of his interests in literature first came when his mother worked for a minister who owned many books or when she cleaned the homes of those who owned magazines. Oklahoma did non have slavery during the movement when Ralph... ...ibility for an ordinary black. According to David LittleJohn, the novel is not an assault on the demeanors of a white society. On the contrary, the novel shows how blacks are not free from the racial discr imination and combat. With restrictions, the Narrator follows the path of leadership under a race war. People are not accepting of the achievements that can resolving power from the very(prenominal) equality among whites. Each person in the general public has the responsibility to stop the alienation occurring. Each human being should have the same rights in the world. The enemies of man are those that separate and categorize each group of people by ethnicity. When this happens, each group of people is labeled by an instable accessible order (Littlejohn, David. Criticism by David Littlejohn. DISCovering Authors. Detroit Gale, 2003. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 2 Mar. 2011).

Invisible Man Essay -- Literary Analysis, Ralph Ellison

Equality between individuals is a primary step to prosperity under a democracy. However, does this moral continue to apply among differences and distinct characters of the total universe of discourse? In the novel, Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, the protagonists suffers from the lack of acknowledgement guaranteed to African Americans in both the North and South regions of North America during the early 1900s. The Narrator expresses the affecting problems that blacks face as he travels to the North. An anti-hero is created on his voyage of being expelled from college, earning a job at Liberty Paints, and joining the organization group called Brotherhood. The Narrator begins to mention the definition others characters give to him while fighting for the possibility of black rights. On a heros journey to a tragic downfall, the Narrator attempts to military service the community of Harlem despite of his black individuality, invisibility, and alienation in society.Family and childhoo d experiences are the backbone to ones interests, personality, and view of the world in which they live in. Ralph Ellisons biological grandparents were part of the movement of colonialism as slaves. His father, Lewis Ellison, brought the family to Oklahoma when he became a construction foreman. Ralph Ellison was exposed to the life of his parents fighting to keep segregation laws nonexistent in the Oklahoma constitution as a child. Ralph Ellisons father named him after Ralph Waldo Emerson in hopes that his destiny would bring him to become a poet. The start of his interests in books first came when his mother worked for a minister who owned many books or when she cleaned the homes of those who owned magazines. Oklahoma did not have slavery during the movement when Ralph... ...ibility for an ordinary black. fit in to David LittleJohn, the novel is not an assault on the demeanors of a white society. On the contrary, the novel shows how blacks are not free from the racial discrimina tion and combat. With restrictions, the Narrator follows the thoroughfare of leadership under a race war. People are not accepting of the achievements that can result from the same equality among whites. Each person in the general public has the responsibility to stop the alienation occurring. Each human being should have the same rights in the world. The enemies of man are those that separate and reason each group of people by ethnicity. When this happens, each group of people is labeled by an instable social order (Littlejohn, David. Criticism by David Littlejohn. DISCovering Authors. Detroit Gale, 2003. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 2 Mar. 2011).

Iroquois Kinship System

Iroquois Kinship System Anthony Sifuentes ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Instructor Mario Tovar demo 5, 2012 The Iroquois is the group I have decided to do my research of kinship systems on. This will bonk from what I have found in the text of chapters ternary and four of the text. The Iroquois is a unilineal descent group. This means that descent is traced fundament by means of angiotensin converting enzyme sex or situation of the family. They traced their bloodline through the female incline of the family, meaning they were a matrilineal descent group.These groups argon not as common as patrilineal descent groups, which trace their bloodlines through the male side of the family. Horticultural societies used the matrilineal descent group because of women having a key part of the food producing role. They also knowledgeed land. The likelihood of a society world or remaining a matrilineal society depends upon how much food is obtained from hunting and herding . The much meat and food gathered by men as a result of this will drive down the role of women as major food producers.The fact that descent groups extend beyond any one individual because it goes beyond any one persons lifetime allows things to remain in a group for a presbyopic time. This includes property, land, hunting and sportfishing territories, animals, and even knowledge. Iroquois blood kinship gave women the right to fields and tools, since they were a horticultural society, this made sense. Women did most of the cultivating of the crops and they should have the rights to both the land and tools to reap what is sown. They also lived in longhouses.These were long structures in which nuclear families lived in different compartments inside the house. After marriage, the Iroquois were matrilocal, meaning the husband lived in the wifes community or longhouse. The eldest adult female of a matrilineage was the most influential in decision making, including the allocation of r esources and property. (Nowak & Laird, 2010, Chapter 4) This greatly differs from todays society in that most of the bloodlines are traced back through the males side of the family. Also, most of the ecisions that I have heard of or seen are made and decided by the oldest or most respected man of a family. This is not to say one is more right than the other. In my own personal experience, on my fathers side, which is Mexican, my grandpa was the patrilineal leader of the family. The best way I can explain it is that my family roots for nuclear purposes goes to my grandparents on that side. Once my grandfather passed away, my grandmother took over as matrilineal leader. She passed away not long after him and that role was overtaken by my oldest aunt and her husband, with my aunt carrying the authority on that side.Marriage among the Iroquois had to be exogamous. This means that they had to bind outside their lineage or clan. The Iroquois kinship system recognizes two groups parents and siblings who are too closely related to marry, and potential spouses and inlaws. A person may marry a cross-cousin, where parallel cousins are considered as close as siblings. Parallel cousins are treated to and referred to as siblings and their parents and treated to and referred to as parents. They are traced through matrilineage and are in the first group.In the Iroquois system, they cannot marry parallel cousins, exclusively can and should marry cross-cousins. Sometimes referred to as the sibling-exchange system, it keeps wealth in the family and reasserts alliances between lineages. There are laws in American preventing cousins and family members from marrying. Aside from the legal ramifications, marrying within a nuclear family is dangerous, biologically. It is not as bad when it goes out as far as cousins, but there is a social stereotype against marrying someone close to you within the bloodline.I personally do not a problem with second or third cousins marrying, but I have never had to go through knowing or wondering if someone in my family or if I was going through the marriage process with a cousin. Marriages in the Iroquois society were easily dissolved. Since everything went through the female side of the marriage, the man was an outsider living in the village. If the woman did not want to be married to him anymore, she packed his belongings and left them on the steps of the longhouse. When the man returned, he saw his things, realized the marriage had been terminated and returned to his own village.Marriages in todays society are much more differently dissolved. Today, we have to go through the process of dividing property, belongings, child support and sorrow and well as money. A man or a woman cannot simply come home and realize a marriage is ended. We must go through courts and make sure that things are done according to laws. In what I have experienced, being married and divorced twice, people should think more before marrying. I do not regret marrying either time, but more thought should be puke into it and more work should be put into marriages to make them last. Kinship affects my life in a very big way.My family lines are important to me and I enjoy finding out where I come from and who my ancestors were. I also live it every day, because I currently live with my girlfriend, who has two children that are not mine. I find it difficult to discipline them because I am not their father and struggle with ways to make the house work sometimes. I believe that kinship is important and should be talked about and worked on by all of us to make our lives easier. Reference Page Nowak, B. , & Laird, P. (2010). Cultural anthropology. San Diego, Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https//content. ashford. edu

Drug Addiction

dose ADDICTION AND DRUG ABUSE A Research Paper presented to the faculty of Cabalum western College Iloilo City In partial fulfillment In English II by What is dose dependance? do medicines dependence is a complex encephalon disease. It is characterized by compulsive, at times uncontroll fit, do medicates craving, seeking, and expend that persist even in the position of extremely negative consequences. What Is do medicines Ab habit? Dennie Ho I am an independent mercenary(a) writer and editor with both a Bachelors and Masters degree. I throw off worked professionally as an analyst in the g everywherenment, higher education, and public relations industries.I convey been freelance writing for over eight years, including ii with Demand Studios. The effects derived from ab exploitation medicines testament dissent depending on the type of drug, scarcely the basic pattern of drug contumely is the same a compelling urgency to acquire and employment the desired chemical substance substance. With drug ab function deduces drug addiction and, as the addiction grows stronger over time, the impulse to use the drug grows more powerful powerful enough to switch relationships, destroy health, interfere with work schedules and disrupt normal activities. 1. Definition medicine abuse entails the profuse and/or repeated use of chemical substances (in any form) in order to achieve certain biochemical effects. Signifi arsece * The abuse of drugs is coupled with addiction, and obtaining and using the drug finds increasingly more important than any other occasion in life patrons, family, employment or even children. Types * Drug abuse embarrasss chemical substances cognise as street- or illegitimate-drugs (il pro free-base due to their potential for addiction), as salubrious as prescription drugs that be acquired for pleasurable use alternatively than medical necessity.Consequences * The consequences of abusing drugs so-and-so be both physical and emotional, confounding the dusts normal biochemical processes, qualification normal functions difficult to perform and impairing cognitive abilitieslike judgmentto dangerous levels. Effects * As described by the Mayo Clinic, stimulants increase blood press and metabolism resulting in powerful rushes of energy and fuss sleeping. Depressants and barbiturates produce calming sensations and excessive simpleness by reducing blood pressing, heart rate and ventilation system to dangerously low levels. Potential Drug abuse over time chemically alters the brains neurologic functions, causing extreme discomfort and pain when it is deprived of the drug. The residual Between Drug dependance and Drug pervert Dr. Howard Samuels The terms drug abuse and drug addiction are sometimes used inter budgeably and incorrectly. Although drug abuse may result to drug addiction, they are two completely different terms. Drug ill-use Drug abuse is the misuse of any substance, legal or illicit. ni gh drugs, such(prenominal) as prescription medications and alcohol, may be used in an appropriate way and non be considered abused.Taking prescription pills scarcely how prescribed or having a single glass of wine with dinner are examples of not abusive drugs. Drug abuse occurs with these substances when they are draw backn in excess. Also, use of any illegal drug may be considered drug abuse, as it is not supposed to be used at all. Many illicit drugs are vulnerable to be abused because of their psychologically and physically addictive properties. Drug Addiction Drug addiction develops from repeated drug abuse, and as well as is believed to have genetic factors.Addiction tin be characterized by a complete overhaul of virtuosos motivational factors, in which the individual strives unaccompanied to get high. Generally, other motivational factors such as school, work, family life, daily activities, and self-care lose their importance, as the drug becomes the only way the addict muckle find any happiness or relief. Addiction is endlessly psychologically based with some causing physical addiction as swell up by changing the chemistry of the brain. Although an addict may find momentary relief from using, their life usually is not pleasant around them.Although one who is abusing drugs may on purpose do so, an addict never wants to be an addict. As the drug is their only motivational factor, they croupnot quit easily as nothing else gives them the same feeling they seek. whatever form of treatment is often required to service addicts, whereas one abusing drugs may simply quit with their own leave behindpower. All Addiction Articles * Drug Addiction * water ice * Methadone * Alcoholism * Ketamine * Cough Syrup * diazepam * Dilaudid * Xanax * Suboxone * Sex * Drug Addiction Help * Oxycontin Statistics * How Drugs Can Become habit-forming * Stages Intervention for Opiate Addiction * Drug employment in prison * Athletes and Drug disgust * Crystal Meth Rehab and Detox * Prescription Meds Post Surgery * Dangers of IV Drug handling * Heroin * Hydrocodone * Cocaine * Ecstacy * GHB * Inhalants * meperidine * Codeine * Ritalin * Adderall * Gambling * Drug Addiction Treatment * Drug Addiction vs. Drug Abuse * Drug Addiction Within the Family * Kids and Drugs * Vicodin * Defining Addiction * majestic Doping * Current Events in War on Drugs * Alcohol Abuse Statistics * Love Addiction * back toothnabis * Percocet * Substance * LSD * PCP * Spice Soma * Ambien * morphine * Percodan * Nicotine * Cocaine Length in System * Drug Addiction Recovery Options * Genetic shot of Drug Addiction * Fact Sheet on Painkillers * stain * Malnutrition and Drug Use * Abstral New Painkiller on the Market * Rich Kids Drug Use on the Rise * Agassi Crystal Meth Drug door * Bath Salt Addiction Causes of Drug Abuse Many lot wonder more or less the causes of drug abuse. An under(a)lying cause is the contend from emotional pain. Some state are physically predisposed to drug addition, whether emotional pain is present. 1. Emotional Issues The most prevalent cause of drug abuse stems from the addicts direct to escape from emotional pain. Any sort of trauma pile lead to drug abuse. Job evil * An unexpected disruption, such as job dismissal, can establish a feeling of inadequacy and undermine a persons confidence, leading him to flee the pain by dint of drug abuse. Marital Difficulty * Arguments and discord in the nuptials can lead to drug abuse. Drugs can provide a release from tension in the family. Genetics * A drug abuser can be susceptible to addiction because of her genetic makeup. Once the drug abuser experiments with a substance, the body will crave more.Self-Medication * Self-medication can encompass all of the above issues for the drug abuser. He feels that he must relax, escape or mentally shut down by means of drug abuse. - Causes of Drug Addiction Recognizing the causes of drug addiction can help prevent a person fr om bonny an addict. The motivators behind initial drug use or experimentation can lead to long-term use and becoming an addiction over time. - Possible Causes of Drug Addiction Drug addiction can be found in some(prenominal) forms.A person can be addicted to alcohol, prescription drugs, inhalants or other street drugs (cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, etc. ). Understanding the reasons people are initially attracted to drug use can help stop future users from becoming addicts. experimentation and curiosity are the first factors that draw many people into trying drugs. They want to feel that high, the genius of euphoria that comes with drug use. While this may lead to recreational use of drugs (using only in certain situations), it rarely leads to actual addiction unless other factors are present.However, some drugs (like heroin) have are more likely to cause addiction than others resulting in an addiction from simple experimentation alone. Prescription drugs can turn people int o addicts because they have intends in which they need to take drugs in order to get relief. People become hooked on prescription drugs when they take more than the recommended dosage, take it more popularly than recommended and continue using the drug after their initial medical condition clears up. Elite athletes are susceptible to using drugs. They use them for execution of instrument enhancing abilities.Steroids can make muscles bigger, piece amphetamines help reduce or numb pain and abandon people to play injured. Recently, major league baseball has come under fire for drug abuse. Although not as prominent, high school and college athletes have also been known to use drugs to enhance their performance. Others turn to drug use to cope with problems in their real lives. Whether it is past abuse (physical or sexual), school problems, work problems or relationship issues, drug use can help a person temporarily escape the realities of his/her life.Being around drugs and organis m exposed to addicts can also lead to drug addiction. If a family member or close friend uses or is addicted to drugs, it seems more acceptable for other members to engage in similar behavior. It becomes a tolerated activity. Peer pressure is also a factor in turning people into drug addicts. Contrary to popular belief, peer pressure can materialize at any age. Adults fall prey to peer pressure to fit into new social classes, new workplaces and new neighborhoods. Teenagers fight peer pressure on everything from looks to alcohol to sex to drugs.In fact, using crystal meth is becoming a way for many teenage girls to fight the pressure that comes with needing to be thin and attractive. Teenagers can also fall prey to the rebellious attitude that they need to do anything their parents or those in authority say is bad. Easy accessibility to drugs and new, lower prices can also lead to drug addiction. Drugs can be found anywhere if a person simply asks. Street corners and alleyways are n o longer the only place to find drugs. Schools, workplaces and even the family next door powerfulness be new places to find drugs.With more drugs being produced, the price has also been driven down. Drug addiction can also be caused by using drugs to mask other mental problems. For example, depressed people frequently use drugs to escape their no-good feelings. Schizophrenics find that some street drugs can control their hallucinations. self-control and hiding the problem just lead to more problems in the long run. Four Stages of Drug Abuse Regina Paul Regina Paul has been a full-time freelance writer and author for triple years. She has make over 500 articles online and 10 books. Her articles are published at Associated Content, e-How. om, and The Fun Times Guide. Her books are published with Amira Press, everlasting Press, and Leap of Faith Publishing. Introduction * Drug abuse is now seen as a disease, rather than just a moral problem as it was in the past. These days psychi atric professionals have set four dresss of drug abuse, enabling them to help individuals disregardless of what stage they may be in. First Stage Experimentation * The first stage of drug abuse can start out with using a drug voluntarily with the intent to erase a ain problem, or out of curiosity or because of peer pressure.For example, in the case of a private problem, perhaps a man discovers his wife is cheating on him, and so he turns to drugs. When they appear to make him feel better, he melt downs from the first stage to the spot stage of regular use. Second Stage Regular Use * Someone that starts out experimenting with a drug and who likes the effects will often move on to regular use of the drug. In some cases, people will stop on their own even after they have begun regular use and they dont move beyond stage two, but others move to stage three and puzzle exhibiting risky behaviors. Third Stage Risky Behavior The transition from stage two to stage three of drug abuse varies from person to person, and it can sometimes be difficult to determine if the behavior a person is exhibiting is risky. In transgress of this, if you believe the behavior of a loved one is risky, past you should tell your loved one. It is very easy to slip from stage three to stage four, which is dependence. A few examples of risky behavior are cause while high on drugs, doing target practice with a gun while high on drugs or jumping out of a second-story window under the influence of drugs. Fourth Stage Dependence Addiction The characteristics of stage four are ordered drug abuse, always being high, not being able to function at work or at home, picking fights with loved ones, being incompetent of rational thinking, engaging in risky behaviors such as taking drugs and driving or operating dangerous machinery while high, and legal problems that embarrass receiving tickets for driving under the influence of drugs. If a person is in stage four they are addicted, and the pr oblems mentioned above will continue to grow as the persons psyche is moved(p) for the worse by continual drug use.Symptoms of Drug Abuse Drug, or substance, abuse is the habitual and exorbitant use of chemicals in order to produce a specific result or high. Abuse can overwhelm illegal drugs or prescription drugs. Continued use can result in an addiction that ultimately affects addicts work and home life as well as their health. 1. Physical Symptoms * Individuals may exhibit cycles of high energy or excessive sleep. amazement or disorientation may be sheer, along with sluggish speech, movement and reaction time.Changes in appetite with a sudden weight gain or weight loss may be an indicator of drug abuse. You may notice changes in the type of clothing worn, such as long-sleeved shirts to hide chevy marks, or you may find paraphernalia, such as syringes, set clips (used to hold a small marijuana cigarette) and pipes. Other physical signs accept red and unaccented eyes, runn y lift, chronic sinus problems or meanderbleeds, persistent coughing, trembling, insurrectionist heartbeat and serious dental troubles. 2. Mental and Emotional Symptoms *Drugs are abused for the purpose of achieving a good feeling. Signs of drug abuse can include cycles of deadness or being overly energetic and cheerful. Mood may change with heightened anger and irrit great power, and a lower threshold to become violent. Addicts may exhibit slump and apathy or paranoia and delusions. Other symptoms include hallucinations and silliness. 3. Behavioral Symptoms * You may notice a change in personality and attitude with drug abuse. Addicts may begin to socialize with different groups of friends and in different places.Hobbies, interests and activities may change, and family becomes less important. They may exhibit comical or secretive behavior, lack of motivation and decreased ability to pay wariness. They may begin to steal money or objects that can be sold. 4. ad hoc Symptoms * Marijuana produces red or glassy eyes, unsuitable joke and talking with subsequent sleepiness, loss of motivation and interest, and weight loss or gain. Depressants result in clumsiness, concentration difficulties, spiel speech, poor judgment, contracted pupils and sleepiness.The use of stimulants is evident by symptoms of euphoria, hyperactivity, anxiety, irritability, dilated pupils, dry mouth and nose, weight loss and excessive talking with subsequent feeling or sleeping. Inhalants cause impaired vision and memory, watery eyes, nose or mouth rashes, nausea, headaches, drowsiness, appetite changes, irritability, anxiety and poor muscle control. The use of hallucinogens is exhibited by sense of humor swings, paranoia, aggression, slur speech, hallucinations, confusion and dilated pupils.Heroin may be suspected due to needle marks, sweating, coughing and sniffling, vomiting, twitching, contracted pupils, loss of appetite and sleeping at odd times. 5. defy * If you believe so meone you know is abusing drugs, it is important to understand that the finish to stop is entirely up to him. You can offer him support, but he must have the desire to quit. You can find a treatment speediness or support group to help him get started. It may also help to involve your minister or rabbi, your family physician or a therapist.The retrieval is an ongoing process and an addict must work to overcome the sezession and to resist the drug cravings. What Are the Different Kinds of Drug Abuse? Someone with a drug abuse problem often displays general symptoms, regardless of the type of drug being abused paranoia, confusion, overall attitude or mood adjustment, withdrawal from relationships or activities, abrupt changes in quality of work or school attendance. The specific signs of drug abuse, however, will differ, depending on the nature of the chemical. 1. Acute Alcohol Abuse The Handbook of Diseases describes the immediate signs of alcohol abuse as intoxication, loss of mot or control (including walk and speech), alcoholic odor on breath or clothing, loss of memory and blackouts. Chronic Alcohol Abuse * The chronic signs of alcohol abuse are more subtle. This abuse can be seen in someone who has including difficulty focusing, uncharacteristic behavior (passive or argumentative), dysfunctional interpersonal relationships, declining school or job performance, and fixated attention on alcohol, according to the Handbook of Diseases.Depressant Abuse * According to the American Council for Drug Education (ACDE), signs of the abuse of depressants (barbituratesAmytal, Seconal benzodiazepinestranquilizers Xanax and Valium) include an intoxicated appearance (like alcohol, but without the noticeable smell). Signs of depressant abuse also include a lack of facial expressions or emotional responses, flaccid appearance, deflated or flat personality, and slurred or distorted speech. Stimulant Abuse The ACDE identifies the signs of stimulant abuse (amphetamine, metha mphetamine, cocaine, Ritalin) as hyperactivity, extreme energy, fidgeting, twitching, nervousness, irritable or argumentative, lack of appetite and sleep deprivation. Physiological signs include dilated pupils, dry mouth and lips, runny nose or nose bleeds, and sinus problems. Hallucinogen Abuse * The ACDE describes the abuse of hallucinogenic drugs (PCP, LSD, Ketamine or Special K) as including distortion (self, others, time, the senses), hallucinations, confusion, altered mood or behavior and slurred or incoherent speech.Signs of hallucinogenic abuse also include physiological indications, such as extreme dilation of the pupils, warm skin, heavy perspiration and body odor. Narcotic Drug Abuse * Abuse of narcotics (opiate-containing drugs such as heroine, methadone, codeine, oxycontin and morphine) can be identified by lethargy, drowsiness, pupil constriction and slurred speech. Other clues include increased amount or frequency in taking pain medication and frequent trips to doctor s and clinics for pain medication.Drug AddictionDRUG ADDICTION AND DRUG ABUSE A Research Paper presented to the faculty of Cabalum Western College Iloilo City In partial fulfillment In English II by What is drug addiction? Drug addiction is a complex brain disease. It is characterized by compulsive, at times uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely negative consequences. What Is Drug Abuse? Dennie Ho I am an independent freelance writer and editor with both a Bachelors and Masters degree. I have worked professionally as an analyst in the government, higher education, and public relations industries.I have been freelance writing for over eight years, including two with Demand Studios. The effects derived from abusing drugs will differ depending on the type of drug, but the basic pattern of drug abuse is the same a compelling urgency to acquire and use the desired chemical substance. With drug abuse comes drug addiction and, as the addi ction grows stronger over time, the impulse to use the drug grows more powerful powerful enough to alter relationships, destroy health, interfere with work schedules and disrupt normal activities. 1. Definition Drug abuse entails the excessive and/or repeated use of chemical substances (in any form) in order to achieve certain biochemical effects. Significance * The abuse of drugs is coupled with addiction, and obtaining and using the drug becomes increasingly more important than any other thing in life friends, family, employment or even children. Types * Drug abuse involves chemical substances known as street- or illicit-drugs (illegal due to their potential for addiction), as well as prescription drugs that are acquired for pleasurable use rather than medical necessity.Consequences * The consequences of abusing drugs can be both physical and emotional, confounding the bodys normal biochemical processes, making normal functions difficult to perform and impairing cognitive abilitie slike judgmentto dangerous levels. Effects * As described by the Mayo Clinic, stimulants increase blood pressure and metabolism resulting in powerful rushes of energy and difficulty sleeping. Depressants and barbiturates produce calming sensations and excessive relaxation by reducing blood pressure, heart rate and breathing to dangerously low levels. Potential Drug abuse over time chemically alters the brains neurological functions, causing extreme discomfort and pain when it is deprived of the drug. The Difference Between Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse Dr. Howard Samuels The terms drug abuse and drug addiction are sometimes used interchangeably and incorrectly. Although drug abuse may lead to drug addiction, they are two completely different terms. Drug Abuse Drug abuse is the misuse of any substance, legal or illicit. Some drugs, such as prescription medications and alcohol, may be used in an appropriate way and not be considered abused.Taking prescription pills precisely how presc ribed or having a single glass of wine with dinner are examples of not abusive drugs. Drug abuse occurs with these substances when they are taken in excess. Also, use of any illegal drug may be considered drug abuse, as it is not supposed to be used at all. Many illicit drugs are vulnerable to be abused because of their psychologically and physically addictive properties. Drug Addiction Drug addiction develops from repeated drug abuse, and also is believed to have genetic factors.Addiction can be characterized by a complete overhaul of ones motivational factors, in which the individual strives only to get high. Generally, other motivational factors such as school, work, family life, daily activities, and self-care lose their importance, as the drug becomes the only way the addict can find any happiness or relief. Addiction is always psychologically based with some causing physical addiction as well by changing the chemistry of the brain. Although an addict may find temporary relief from using, their life usually is not pleasant around them.Although one who is abusing drugs may intentionally do so, an addict never wants to be an addict. As the drug is their only motivational factor, they cannot quit easily as nothing else gives them the same feeling they seek. Some form of treatment is often required to help addicts, whereas one abusing drugs may simply quit with their own willpower. All Addiction Articles * Drug Addiction * Meth * Methadone * Alcoholism * Ketamine * Cough Syrup * Valium * Dilaudid * Xanax * Suboxone * Sex * Drug Addiction Help * Oxycontin Statistics * How Drugs Can Become Addictive * Stages Intervention for Opiate Addiction * Drug Use in Prison * Athletes and Drug Abuse * Crystal Meth Rehab and Detox * Prescription Meds Post Surgery * Dangers of IV Drug Use * Heroin * Hydrocodone * Cocaine * Ecstacy * GHB * Inhalants * Demerol * Codeine * Ritalin * Adderall * Gambling * Drug Addiction Treatment * Drug Addiction vs. Drug Abuse * Drug Addiction Within the Family * Kids and Drugs * Vicodin * Defining Addiction * Olympic Doping * Current Events in War on Drugs * Alcohol Abuse Statistics * Love Addiction * Marijuana * Percocet * Substance * LSD * PCP * Spice Soma * Ambien * Morphine * Percodan * Nicotine * Cocaine Length in System * Drug Addiction Recovery Options * Genetic Aspect of Drug Addiction * Fact Sheet on Painkillers * Stigma * Malnutrition and Drug Use * Abstral New Painkiller on the Market * Rich Kids Drug Use on the Rise * Agassi Crystal Meth Drug Admission * Bath Salt Addiction Causes of Drug Abuse Many people wonder about the causes of drug abuse. An underlying cause is the escape from emotional pain. Some people are physically predisposed to drug addition, whether emotional pain is present. 1. Emotional Issues The most prevalent cause of drug abuse stems from the addicts need to escape from emotional pain. Any sort of trauma can lead to drug abuse. Job Loss * An unexpected disruption, such as job loss, can crea te a feeling of inadequacy and undermine a persons confidence, leading him to flee the pain through drug abuse. Marital Difficulty * Arguments and discord in the marriage can lead to drug abuse. Drugs can provide a release from tension in the family. Genetics * A drug abuser can be susceptible to addiction because of her genetic makeup. Once the drug abuser experiments with a substance, the body will crave more.Self-Medication * Self-medication can encompass all of the above issues for the drug abuser. He feels that he must relax, escape or mentally shut down through drug abuse. - Causes of Drug Addiction Recognizing the causes of drug addiction can help prevent a person from becoming an addict. The motivators behind initial drug use or experimentation can lead to long-term use and becoming an addiction over time. - Possible Causes of Drug Addiction Drug addiction can be found in many forms.A person can be addicted to alcohol, prescription drugs, inhalants or other street drugs (coc aine, heroin, methamphetamines, etc. ). Understanding the reasons people are initially attracted to drug use can help stop future users from becoming addicts. Experimentation and curiosity are the first factors that draw many people into trying drugs. They want to feel that high, the sense of euphoria that comes with drug use. While this may lead to recreational use of drugs (using only in certain situations), it rarely leads to actual addiction unless other factors are present.However, some drugs (like heroin) have are more likely to cause addiction than others resulting in an addiction from simple experimentation alone. Prescription drugs can turn people into addicts because they have conditions in which they need to take drugs in order to get relief. People become hooked on prescription drugs when they take more than the recommended dosage, take it more frequently than recommended and continue using the drug after their initial medical condition clears up. Elite athletes are susc eptible to using drugs. They use them for performance enhancing abilities.Steroids can make muscles bigger, while amphetamines help reduce or numb pain and allow people to play injured. Recently, major league baseball has come under fire for drug abuse. Although not as prominent, high school and college athletes have also been known to use drugs to enhance their performance. Others turn to drug use to cope with problems in their real lives. Whether it is past abuse (physical or sexual), school problems, work problems or relationship issues, drug use can help a person temporarily escape the realities of his/her life.Being around drugs and being exposed to addicts can also lead to drug addiction. If a family member or close friend uses or is addicted to drugs, it seems more acceptable for other members to engage in similar behavior. It becomes a tolerated activity. Peer pressure is also a factor in turning people into drug addicts. Contrary to popular belief, peer pressure can happen at any age. Adults fall prey to peer pressure to fit into new social classes, new workplaces and new neighborhoods. Teenagers fight peer pressure on everything from looks to alcohol to sex to drugs.In fact, using crystal meth is becoming a way for many teenage girls to fight the pressure that comes with needing to be thin and attractive. Teenagers can also fall prey to the rebellious attitude that they need to do anything their parents or those in authority say is bad. Easy accessibility to drugs and new, lower prices can also lead to drug addiction. Drugs can be found anywhere if a person simply asks. Street corners and alleyways are no longer the only place to find drugs. Schools, workplaces and even the family next door might be new places to find drugs.With more drugs being produced, the price has also been driven down. Drug addiction can also be caused by using drugs to mask other mental problems. For example, depressed people frequently use drugs to escape their sad feelings. Schizophrenics find that some street drugs can control their hallucinations. Denial and hiding the problem just lead to more problems in the long run. Four Stages of Drug Abuse Regina Paul Regina Paul has been a full-time freelance writer and author for three years. She has published over 500 articles online and 10 books. Her articles are published at Associated Content, e-How. om, and The Fun Times Guide. Her books are published with Amira Press, Eternal Press, and Leap of Faith Publishing. Introduction * Drug abuse is now seen as a disease, rather than just a moral problem as it was in the past. These days psychiatric professionals have identified four stages of drug abuse, enabling them to help individuals regardless of what stage they may be in. First Stage Experimentation * The first stage of drug abuse can start out with using a drug voluntarily with the intent to erase a personal problem, or out of curiosity or because of peer pressure.For example, in the case of a personal p roblem, perhaps a man discovers his wife is cheating on him, and so he turns to drugs. When they appear to make him feel better, he moves from the first stage to the second stage of regular use. Second Stage Regular Use * Someone that starts out experimenting with a drug and who likes the effects will often move on to regular use of the drug. In some cases, people will stop on their own even after they have begun regular use and they dont move beyond stage two, but others move to stage three and begin exhibiting risky behaviors. Third Stage Risky Behavior The transition from stage two to stage three of drug abuse varies from person to person, and it can sometimes be difficult to determine if the behavior a person is exhibiting is risky. In spite of this, if you believe the behavior of a loved one is risky, then you should tell your loved one. It is very easy to slip from stage three to stage four, which is dependence. A few examples of risky behavior are driving while high on drugs, doing target practice with a gun while high on drugs or jumping out of a second-story window under the influence of drugs. Fourth Stage Dependence Addiction The characteristics of stage four are consistent drug abuse, always being high, not being able to function at work or at home, picking fights with loved ones, being incapable of rational thinking, engaging in risky behaviors such as taking drugs and driving or operating dangerous machinery while high, and legal problems that include receiving tickets for driving under the influence of drugs. If a person is in stage four they are addicted, and the problems mentioned above will continue to grow as the persons psyche is affected for the worse by continual drug use.Symptoms of Drug Abuse Drug, or substance, abuse is the habitual and exorbitant use of chemicals in order to produce a specific result or high. Abuse can involve illegal drugs or prescription drugs. Continued use can result in an addiction that ultimately affects addic ts work and home life as well as their health. 1. Physical Symptoms * Individuals may exhibit cycles of high energy or excessive sleep. Confusion or disorientation may be evident, along with slower speech, movement and reaction time.Changes in appetite with a sudden weight gain or weight loss may be an indicator of drug abuse. You may notice changes in the type of clothing worn, such as long-sleeved shirts to hide needle marks, or you may find paraphernalia, such as syringes, roach clips (used to hold a small marijuana cigarette) and pipes. Other physical signs include red and watery eyes, runny nose, chronic sinus problems or nosebleeds, persistent coughing, trembling, irregular heartbeat and serious dental troubles. 2. Mental and Emotional Symptoms *Drugs are abused for the purpose of achieving a good feeling. Signs of drug abuse can include cycles of unresponsiveness or being overly energetic and cheerful. Mood may change with heightened anger and irritability, and a lower thresh old to become violent. Addicts may exhibit depression and apathy or paranoia and delusions. Other symptoms include hallucinations and silliness. 3. Behavioral Symptoms * You may notice a change in personality and attitude with drug abuse. Addicts may begin to socialize with different groups of friends and in different places.Hobbies, interests and activities may change, and family becomes less important. They may exhibit suspicious or secretive behavior, lack of motivation and decreased ability to pay attention. They may begin to steal money or objects that can be sold. 4. Specific Symptoms * Marijuana produces red or glassy eyes, unsuitable laughter and talking with subsequent sleepiness, loss of motivation and interest, and weight loss or gain. Depressants result in clumsiness, concentration difficulties, slurred speech, poor judgment, contracted pupils and sleepiness.The use of stimulants is evident by symptoms of euphoria, hyperactivity, anxiety, irritability, dilated pupils, dr y mouth and nose, weight loss and excessive talking with subsequent depression or sleeping. Inhalants cause impaired vision and memory, watery eyes, nose or mouth rashes, nausea, headaches, drowsiness, appetite changes, irritability, anxiety and poor muscle control. The use of hallucinogens is exhibited by mood swings, paranoia, aggression, slurred speech, hallucinations, confusion and dilated pupils.Heroin may be suspected due to needle marks, sweating, coughing and sniffling, vomiting, twitching, contracted pupils, loss of appetite and sleeping at odd times. 5. Support * If you believe someone you know is abusing drugs, it is important to understand that the decision to stop is entirely up to him. You can offer him support, but he must have the desire to quit. You can find a treatment facility or support group to help him get started. It may also help to involve your minister or rabbi, your family physician or a therapist.The recovery is an ongoing process and an addict must work to overcome the withdrawal and to resist the drug cravings. What Are the Different Kinds of Drug Abuse? Someone with a drug abuse problem often displays general symptoms, regardless of the type of drug being abused paranoia, confusion, overall attitude or mood adjustment, withdrawal from relationships or activities, abrupt changes in quality of work or school attendance. The specific signs of drug abuse, however, will differ, depending on the nature of the chemical. 1. Acute Alcohol Abuse The Handbook of Diseases describes the immediate signs of alcohol abuse as intoxication, loss of motor control (including walking and speech), alcoholic odor on breath or clothing, loss of memory and blackouts. Chronic Alcohol Abuse * The chronic signs of alcohol abuse are more subtle. This abuse can be seen in someone who has including difficulty focusing, uncharacteristic behavior (passive or argumentative), dysfunctional interpersonal relationships, declining school or job performance, and fixat ed attention on alcohol, according to the Handbook of Diseases.Depressant Abuse * According to the American Council for Drug Education (ACDE), signs of the abuse of depressants (barbituratesAmytal, Seconal benzodiazepinestranquilizers Xanax and Valium) include an intoxicated appearance (like alcohol, but without the noticeable smell). Signs of depressant abuse also include a lack of facial expressions or emotional responses, flaccid appearance, deflated or flat personality, and slurred or distorted speech. Stimulant Abuse The ACDE identifies the signs of stimulant abuse (amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, Ritalin) as hyperactivity, extreme energy, fidgeting, twitching, nervousness, irritable or argumentative, lack of appetite and sleep deprivation. Physiological signs include dilated pupils, dry mouth and lips, runny nose or nose bleeds, and sinus problems. Hallucinogen Abuse * The ACDE describes the abuse of hallucinogenic drugs (PCP, LSD, Ketamine or Special K) as including di stortion (self, others, time, the senses), hallucinations, confusion, altered mood or behavior and slurred or incoherent speech.Signs of hallucinogenic abuse also include physiological indications, such as extreme dilation of the pupils, warm skin, heavy perspiration and body odor. Narcotic Drug Abuse * Abuse of narcotics (opiate-containing drugs such as heroine, methadone, codeine, oxycontin and morphine) can be identified by lethargy, drowsiness, pupil constriction and slurred speech. Other clues include increased amount or frequency in taking pain medication and frequent trips to doctors and clinics for pain medication.

Mrs. Hamilton

Gender and Develop custodyt Gender-role development is one of the most important areas of human development. The moment a women maintains out she is pregnant she is often anxious to find out the sex of her child. The definitions of the terms sex and sex need to be understood. The term sex denotes the actual physical makeup of individuals that define them as masculine or female. Sex is determined by genetic makeup, internal reproductive organs, the organization of the brain, and external genitalia.The behavior of individuals as males or females, the types of roles they assume, and their personality characteristics, whitethorn be just as important as a persons biological framework. In order to differentiate between biological features one may take into experimental condition behaviors and social roles to establish grammatical gender. Sex and gender are often intertwined, and certain social expectations can be attributed to ones biological sex. The sex of a newborn mickles the a genda for a whole array of developmental experiences that will influence the person throughout his or her life.Overall, the sex differences between boys and girls in the graduation y ear of life are minimal. Boys may be a bit more active or fussier and girls more physically mature and less given to physical problems, but that may be the extent of the significant differences. Mothers cast off a tendency to ignore more of their sons emotional outbursts in comparison to their daughters outbursts. Boys may be rough-housed or played with in a more aggressive manor as well. This goes in line with stereotyping males as more hardy or tough and girls as gentle and soft. A parent can influence their child into these gender roles by the way they discipline.They may be harder on a boy than a girl for the exact same behavior. Children see what their parents do. Children learn when they try to imitate their parents (Putnam, Myers-Walis Love, p. 1). For example, a boy may grow up beholding hi s father fix things around the house and his mother be the one who always cooks dinner. Parents may also assign specific chores to the children according to sex, thus reinforcing gender roles in their development. Another way a parent influences gender development is by what they say to their children. Making comments nearly girls do this or boys do that supports the gender stereotypes.Gender roles development is crucial around ages 2-6 years when children are becoming aware of their gender, where play styles and behaviors begin to crystallize around that core appoint of I am a girl or I am a boy. Typically males have been pattern to be more aggressive than males however, in a take up reported by the American Psychological Association, Inc. , reveals our interpretation of these results emphasizes that aggression sex difference are a function of perceived consequences of aggression that are versed as aspects of gender roles and other social roles (Eagly Steffen, 1986). How a p arent teaches the child and role models aggression, play, chores, and toys may have more of a factor of gender roles than being biologically male or female. The areas of gender differences include brain development where on that point are fewer connections between hemispheres, right brain reliance on space/movement, single focus, sexual response, and emotional response. males hear less at higher decibels then females and tend to hear better in one ear than the other.Testosterone levels are different as well including a correlation between the amount of testosterone and higher energy and aggression, sex drive, and higher amounts throughout the teenaged years. Male babies, on average, are born slightly bulkyer and heavier than female babies. Newborn girls, on the other hand, have slightly more mature ske permitons and are a bit more responsive to touch (Craig Dunn, 2010, p. 188). By age 2 ? , most children can readily distinguish between male and female, and accurately resolve th e question of whether they are a boy or a girl. Gender-role stereotypes are fixed ideas about appropriate male and female behavior (Craig Dunn, 2010, p. 189). Distinguishing between feminine and masculine appears to be shared in almost every culture, although cultures may differ in their definitions of what masculinity and femininity entail. Childrens concepts of gender depend in disassociate on the childs cognitive development. A 3-year-old boy might put on a dress and now believe he has turned into a girl, whereas a 5-year-old boy now may understand that his sex is not going to change, which is referred to as gender constancy (Craig Dunn, 2010, p. 89). Developing gender identity is partly a result of models and rewards. Again, what a child sees and hears growing up about male and female appropriateness will shape their gender personality and roles for the future. In William Pollacks intelligence Real Boys, he dialog about boys in America being in crisis and teen-aged girls lo sing their voice, mostly as a result of societys stereotypes about girls and boys. Pollack talks about boys and men wearing masks of masculinity to hide their true inner feelings.Boys are being taught, at a young age, to be tough, act wish a man, and if you display feelings you are considered weak or other assorted names given to men who show vulnerability. These stereotypes are limiting and are hinder the development of children. As a society, we push boys into grown-up roles faster than their female counterparts. Moms and dads on the whole begin pushing their boys away by less hugs and kisses at an introductory age than girls (Pollack, 1999). In a study done on drawings of grade-school aged children, there were vast differences in the subject matter the participants drew.Boys drawings contained a profusion of violence, of villainy, and of vehicles girls drawings were in full of benign animals, bugs and flowers. In the drawings, boys seem more influenced at this age by the medi a in drawings of superheroes, whereas the girls depicted more domestic-type scenes (McClure-Vollrath, 2006). During the feminist movement, there was a theme that men were the problem and women were the oppressed. By characterizing gender this way, development can fail to address effectively the issues of equity and empowerment that are crucial in bringing about positive change.Gender biass and roles are ultimately power relations (Cornwall, 1997, p. 8). Through the feminist movement, many tidy sum changed their ways of thinking surrounding men and women, but there is still room for re-thinking when it comes to boys. Boys get mixed messages, to be manly but empathetic, cool but open, strong yet vulnerable. Society has come a long way in liberating girls and women from the gender straightjacket. There is still room for improvement to break down the roles our boys are forced into by letting them own their feelings and communication with them in a way that allows them to express the ir fears and distress.Gender identity normally develops in children by about age 3, when they most often are able to identify themselves as boys or girls. People with gender identity disorder or gender dysphoria can remember as early as age 5 as having feelings of being born in the wrong body or wanting to be the opposite of their biological bodies reveal. Children who deviate from the socially prescribed behavioural norms for boy or girl children are quickly pushed back in line by parental figures. Behaviors, mannerisms, and play that appears to be gender nonconforming to a parent may feel perfectly normal to the child (Mallon DeCrescenzo, 2006). Western society continues to reward parents for conforming their children into their gender roles by buying Barbies for girls and dump trucks for boys, flat if they have asked for something different. Sexual orientation is different from, and not determined by, ones gender identity. In most cases, the onset of gender identity disorder can be traced back to childhood. In an interview with a 46-year-old male who struggled with gender dysphoria all of his life, he reports as early as 5-years-old he was dressing up in womens clothing and wished he did not have a penis.After years of therapy and insight into his disorder, he has been able to attribute his confusion to some things that were said in his lieu at an early age. He remembers his mother saying that she was convinced when he was in her womb that he was a girl, and she would often tell him that he should have been a girl. He remembers people telling him how pretty he was and that he would have made a beautiful girl. All of these things contributed to his confusion about his gender at a very young age. He never felt attached to his mother, and later he would find out that his mother would just let him lie in his crib and cry as an infant.He reported that his mother had his 1-year-old brother and 4-year-old sister to look after, and she was too busy to take care o f a fussy baby. He said he spent most of his life trying to establish masculinity as society and family would see it, so that null would know the terror and confusion he lived with on a daily basis. Eventually, he would decide that his only way out would be suicide, he thought then the pain would finally end. God did not allow him to take his life and instead he found his value in Christ and was set free from his pain and found acceptance of who he was in Christ.He started going to therapy and completely turning his life around, living as a man, and finally decision gender acceptance rather than dysphoria (Robbins, 2011). Roles of home environment, peers, and teachers in the acquisition of gender difference in behavior and attitudes play a role in gender socialization (Lau, 1996). Gender role socialization according to a study done cross-culturally found that it could be narrowly defined by the type of sex-typed behaviors such(prenominal) as play activities and toys.In summary, gen der identity is a learned behavior that starts at a very young age and can hinder or enhance a childs development. Gender plays a role in how a person defines themselves and grows as a person depending on their safety and security in being male or female and what that means to them and what they are taught at a young age. Bottom line is that men and women are different, and as a society and as parents being a boy or girl does not meet we have to fit into a certain box, as people are unique in of themselves, and that is what we can enhance and nurture to develop.

Jake Barnes of ‘The Sun Also Rises’ Essay

Jake Barnes in The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway is an American veteran of World struggle I who lives and works in Paris as a newsman. Jake Barnes is the typical Hemingway Code Hero in this novel, but he does fail to meet current aspects of the encrypt. First, he is not a man in the traditional sense of the word. Due to a wound in WWI, he is essentially sexless. The Hemingway work out milling machinery indulges in all aspects of the word pleasure, mainly those of alcohol and women. Second, he breaks the Hemingway code by violating the boldness of another man, especially when he violates it for a woman.He introduces Brett Ashley to Pedro Romero, the celebrated bullfighter, against the wishes of his friend and fellow bullfighting afficionado, Montoya. However, in many ways, Jake Barnes does meet the standards of a code hero. He handles his liquor well, and he loves hunting, fishing, and the outdoors. He has faced death, and is not cowardly of it. Jake is also disillusioned with life after surviving WWI, like many young adults after the First World War.Behind the traditional concept of the code hero lies the disillusionment of the lost generation of younger people, resulting from WWI. The code hero has to create a new set of values and concepts, because the traditional ones embedded in Christianity had not saved man from catastrophe. The Code hero had to find a place, then, that was not dominated by these precepts. Many members of the lost generation found this base hit in Paris, as did Jake Barnes. The spiritual values of code heros were not Christian they essentially believed that there was no afterlife after death, so life moldiness be experienced to the fullest. If facing total oblivion after death, the response of the Code hero is to enjoy all kinds of physical pleasures to drink excessively, to have support affairs, to eat fine food, to indulge himself in any and all available sensuous pleasures. A code hero may drink, but he may never lose c ontrol of himself. Jake, even when drunk, is lucid and in control.. A sloppy drunk shows a lack of discipline, an essential characteristic of all code heroes.The Hemingway man enjoyed outdoor sports, such as hunting, fishing, bullfighting. Jake enjoys all of these. After declining Robert Cohns invitation to South America, he mentions big game hunting in Africa. While pass in Spain, he and his friend Bill Gorton relax and fish along theIrati River in Basque before attending the bullfighting festival in Pamplona. During their time in Basque, they live close to the earth, fishing and hiking through the hills. This roughing it concept is also a characteristic of the code hero.But one of the most defining aspects of the code hero, and Jake, is how he deals with death and dying. He must avoid death at all costs, because it mean the end of life, but must not fear it. The test of a Hemingway hero is how he performs under pressure, or in deadly situations. Jake enlisted in the army, was sh ipped overseas and injured accidentally. He wasnt hurt during a romantic affair against a ruthless foe, but during an accident. Jake sees this as a flaw, and it is one to the Hemingway design. According to the code, men must face death in extraordinary situations and overcome it.Jake is not entirely a man, thus not making him entirely a true code hero. He is sexless, therefore not meeting the classical definintion of what it means to be manly.. He must find other ways to define himself by using moral pose, and to behave honorably and well. He fails to do this during the novel, betraying the trust of his friend Montoya, who asked Jake to keep the bullfighter Pedro Romano away from alcohol, women, and Americans. In order to give Brett what he believes is the perfect surrogate to himself he introduces two and leaves, feeling the shame of his actions as Montoya watched him. The innkeeper avoided him for the rest of the festival, signifying that their friendship was over. This failure m akes Jake human, and gives him a chance at redemption.In conclusion, the classic Hemingway code hero is defined by his views of death and how he reacts when facing it, and how he lives his life in response to his conception of death and the afterlife. Jake fits the mold the Hemingway code hero because he is of the lost generation and lives the Hemingway lifestyle expressing yourself in actions, not words, writing, enjoying the outdoors, living life richly, but he diverges in certain aspects of loyalty to male companions and in the fact that he is not truly a man.

Consultant’s Skills Essay

In the corporate world, there is always a need to structure the best possible process of production. In this integral approach, a consultants skills cornerstone be applyd in order to provide a different or better brainwave or so the needs of the company as well as to guide it for a better path of development. A consultant is someone who has gained expertise about a particular field of study, research or work. He provides an advice in order to proceed with a particular action (Wikipedia, 2007). In this aspect, consultants atomic number 18 invited in most company functions to share his thoughts and assumptions about a certain business dilemma. Of course, these assumptions do not always reflect that of an enterprise solution but can also be used for some research and development principles. There are several responsibilities that a consultant needs to accomplish for a company. First, he needs to provide the most effective ways of dealing with a problem to the fullest of his knowle dge. Second, he should communicate in the best possible way, probably in laymans terms, what he thinks is the best approach in getting a resolution for a particular concern. Third, he must have sooner a number of credible materials or resources that he can present to support his claims. Of course, there should be minimal questions about his skills since the company has hired him to locomote a consultant. But in order to gain a wider perspective of his talents, supporting materials must be available. There is a general classification of consultants, the inborn and external ones. The main difference between the two can be identified on the way their skills are used for the company processes. It may be thought that external consultants work as freelancers who may then be regarded as a contractor (Friedl) while the internal counterpart is an in-house consultant employed in direct company decisions. On the aspect of contributions, there might be a slight difference between the two cat egories. Internal consultants are more exposed to company operations which is of great advantage in sending information efficiently and in a faster way. They can utilize the core skills needed for a resolution (Robertson). On the other hand, external consultants may also provide the same quality of logical problem firmness of purpose but it would probably take longer since he needs to first see the big picture of the problem before coming up with a solution.ReferencesFriedl, S. N.D. So you want to be a consultant? Unixwiz. Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http//unixwiz.net/techtips/be-consultant.html.Robertson, S. N.D. Experiences in Growing Internal Consultants with Object-oriented Skills. The Atlantic Systems Guild. Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http//www.systemsguild.com/GuildSite/SQR/internal_Consultants.html.Wikipedia. 2007. Consultant. Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consultant.

Racism in euroropean football Essay

Medieval football matches involved hundreds of players, and were essentially pitched battles between the young men of rival villages and towns often used as opportunities to settle obsolescent feuds, personal arguments and land disputes.The much more disciplined game introduced to continental Europe in 1900s was the reformed pastime of the British aristocracy. Other European countries choose this form of the game, associated with Victorian values of fair-play and retrained enthusiasm. Only two periods in British history have been relatively free of football-related violence the inter-war years and the decade interest the Second World War.Recently it seems more and more becoming that racism is beginning to damage the reputation of the game. Racism isnt directed at players precisely because of their skin colour players are also targeted because of their nationality, religion or ethnicity. Some players may be targeted by football supporters more because they play for an opposing te am up rather than their appearance or heritage. However, some players and managers have even been targeted by their own fans.The purpose of this report is to understand the current situation of racism inside football, and look at what is begin done to help rid the game of it. With numerous governing bodies contained by sport, it is key to understanding what the main bodies choose to do to help endorse the fight against racism. It seems as though it is becoming more and more of a human rights issue, as players endure the direct racism from not only fans but club management teams.

Muslim Stereotypes in the Media Essay

The media over exaggerates their representation of the Moslem tribe portray them as violent terrorists and a curse to most nations/countries. Stereotypes abound in any and every form of media we can listen to, read, or watch today. Stereotypes create recognition in people and educe emotions from anger to fear, or even empathy. News reports on trust generally use outrageous stereotypes of the population of the particular religion. This is evident in the representation of Muslims whenever they pop-up in news stories. Our views and opinions are often shaped by the media the news, TV shows, movies, magazines and newspapers.Many people take the views depicted in these and claim them as their own without opinion or researching it more. Cultural Theorist Stuart Hall states that the messages in media, intersect with the deep semantic codes of a culture and take on additional, more active ideologic dimensions. This means that they build on the cultural and social anxieties of a given time and also reflect then back into the culture, therefore reinforcing them and adding to them. The problem with this is that the media roughly always leaves bits and pieces out and portray only the parts they think we want to see to meet our expectations.The kids movie, Aladdin is one which given a skewed view of Muslim people. In the opening scenes of the theatrical release, the theme song states that Aladdin hails from a faraway place, where the caravan camels roam, where they cut off your ear if they arrogatet like your face. Its barbaric, but hey, its home. Throughout the movie Muslims are repeatedly depicted as scheming, mystical, violent, stupid or greedy Arabs. Everything from costuming to voice tones, facial features and references to Allah build a very stereotypical and false image of Muslims.One of the reasons why this is an incorrect stereotype is that most Muslims are not even Arabic with only roughly 18% of the 1.6 billion Muslims being Arabic. So why do we as wes terners make this assumption that all Muslims are Arabic? I think this is because we dont look into the figures and information for ourselves we just assume that these controvert stereotypes are the truth and by doing this it has become our reality. In the case of Aladdin, this fairytale is viewed by children from such(prenominal) a young age that it becomes a part of their subconscious without them even realizing they sport been fed a stereotype.More modern TV shows such as Homeland represent Muslims as fanatic Arab terrorists posing a threat to countries and nations around the world. This is mainly a western representation and is a typical electronegative stereotype of Muslims that most people believe and accept as the truth. Although this may be an accurate representation of a small minority of the Muslim population, in my opinion this is a false stereotype of the majority of the population. The media has generalised their opinion based on a small minority to all of the Muslim population and sensationalized it to heighten cultural anxieties. This opinion and stereotype has caused much tension between westerners and the general Muslim population in the past and the present.The media reports involving Muslims and Islam in general have become more frequent, with the racist, stereotype images and remarks becoming more and more accepted as normal, especially in the news, entertainment and social media. The media has been targeting religion and more specifically Islam since the events of the 9/11 planted a seed of fear for terrorists and religion in general. Media including Hollywood and the filmmakers have become worse in their racist opinions of Muslims portraying them more and more as brutal, heartless, uncivilised religious fanatics and money-mad cultural others bent on terrorising civilised Westerners. Perhaps it is time that the media realizes that instead of investing in negative stereotypes, there is a positive impact which can be obtained by using coun ter-stereotypical fictional depictions to turn the tide on societies prejudicial attitudes.religionandmediacourse.blogspot.com.au/2010/11/representations-of-islam-in-media.htmmaddysreligionandspirituality.blogspot.com.au/2013/05/week-9-10-religious-racism-and-media.htmlasiainstitute.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/571625/akbarzadeh-islam-media.pdfmediasmarts.ca/diversity-media/religion/media-portrayals-religion-islamteachmideast.org/essays/26-stereotypes/38-stereotypes-of-arabs-middle-easterners-and-muslimshttp//www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2012/oct/13/homeland-drama-offensive-portrayal-islam-arabshttp//racerelations.about.com/od/hollywood/a/5-Common-Arab-Stereotypes-In-Television-And-Film.htmhttp//srambeau.wordpress.com/2010/10/15/representations-of-arabs-in-disneys-aladdin/http//www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/25/broadcasting.race

The story of “Like Water for Chocolate”

The story of bid water for Chocolate is about the relationship of the mother, Mama Elena, to his three daughters namely Rosaura, Getrudis and Tita. The performting was in Mexico where the life at that place before had been portrayed. It goes with the jazz story of the protagonist Tita and her love interest Pedro Muzquiz. Since the mother of the three girls is already a widow, she refuses to accept that her youngest daughter had already f everyen in love with some unrivaled. Instead, she enforce to the people in that set up that Tita, being the youngest of her daughters must be with her until her soul leaves her. Quoting from the book, Mama Elena told Nacha that Nacha Dont place that.As my youngest daughter, Tita will foreboding for me until the day I die. She wont marry. This is sensation of the sayings in the book from the site mentioned below. Adding to the pain the imposing of her mother, Pedro married one of her sisters, and that is Rosaura. She was badly hurt emotionally with the situation but still cant find in any case to get free of it. Since Tita is suppressed with what she feels, she just managed to improve her recipes, giving them her best effort and affection.On the subsequently part of the story, she made her talent her expression of capturing and cornering Pedro. Fortunately in the end, they still managed to express their love for one another like what Getrudis, (her older sister) have done with the revolutionary army she fell in love with. Being affected by the bad things that happened to Tita, Getrudis also found a way to escape their real imposing mother.Mother and daughters are expected to have good relationships at home since they are of the equal gender. The changes that a daughter would undergo must be first known by her mother in order for her to be guided or so, like if the daughter will have to recite on her class the next morning, it is the duty of the mother to guide her with the things that will improve the speech or fam iliarity of her daughter. The relationship between the mother and the daughter I think will serve as a foundation of the girls interaction with other people with her entire life.Mothers are always pattern to become the light of the home. They are regarded to be in charged of the household chores like for dish washing, cooking, doing the slipstream and cleaning the house. As it was established by the society, the mother also gives her daughter the ideas of the things she may become later on her childhood. It is with the mother that the daughter will learn the basic ways of life, the social roles of women and other stuffs.Girls that have duration with their mothers might have experiences that have molded them the way they are in their past, present and future. And for those who are natural without their moms with their side might also have the factors why they became what they are since they do not have person who is expected to primarily guide them. Is the relationship of the m other and daughter really connected with the issue of powerfulness and gender?In this assignment, we are to examine the relationship of Getrudis and her mother in order to answer the nous above. Getrudis as we remember is the middle child of Mama Elena who was not so mentioned in the story since it all went for Tita and Rosaura who is the wife of Pedro. Getrudis, being the silent one with the happenings in Titas life, is also suppressed of her freedom.When she found somebody who will awaken her sexuality, she eloped with him and then after came back since the war is going to start again. We can say that there are a few interactions with the mother and the daughter here since the mother already imposed her power over her daughters, I think she has given them the factor that she must be respected or so, and that is dictating them that mothers have power more than what they have.In the set-up of the family, everybody countes for power, however, it was the social structure of the fam ily and the place where they are situated that influenced their aspired power. Since it was during the Mexican Revolution, which is a way bit far from our present situations, certain family traditions are still existent. And with their family, their mother forbade their search for power and it was with that act they forcefully found it by also expressing their sexualities.In the situation of Getrudis where she was with the man of her dreams, it was with escaping with Sargento Trevio that her gender came into action. Girls that convey their love with their sweet and enticing scents are like Getrudis who found a way of being her real self, a woman who was implanted with the desires that only a man can suffice. winning in consideration the situation of Getrudis and Mama Elena, I can say that a daughters relationship with her mother affects the way she faces her life. Since power and gender are move of being a human, it is expressed by the way the daughters are molded by their contact with their moms. Both the positive and negative parts of the relationship between a mom and a daughter give rise to the searching of individuality of someone. Therefore, in evaluating a persons power or gender, it is right to look first at his/her background where he/she might have gotten his/her personalities.Works CitedAmy Coffin. Like Water for Chocolate. 9 December 2007. Judi Clark. Like Water for Chocolate (books review). 1999. 9 December 2007. Like Water for Chocolate.2006. 11 December 2007. Internet moving-picture show Database. Memorable quotes for Como agua para chocolate. 2007. 12 December 2007. http//imdb.com/title/tt0103994/quotesLaura Esquivel. Quotes from Like Water for Chocolate A Novel in Monthly Installments with Recipes, Romances, and Home Remedies. 2007. 12 December 2007.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 12

They were altogether on their feet by no.. Kellers early warning system was screaming hysterically.I cant stand it any more(prenominal), Diana hissed. Whats outlet on?Just accordingly, Nissa verbalise in a quenched voice, All discipline, we will. Yes. Bye. She carefully replaced the pass onet. past she turned really slowly to face the others.Or not to face them exactly. She was olfactory perceptioning down at the floor in an unfocused way that scared Keller to death.Well, what is it? Keller growled.Nissa opened her mtabooh and raised her eyes to look at Winnie. Then she looked down again. Im sorry, she verbalize. Winnie, I dont realise how to say this. She swallowed and then straightened, speaking formally. The Crone of all the Witches is light.Winnies eyes went huge, and her moots flew to her throat. Grandma HarmanYes. barely how?Nissa spoke carefully. It happened yesterday in Las Vegas. She was outside her shop, right there on a city street, in broad day out of work. S he was attacked by tercet shapeshifters.Keller stood and listened to her pounding heart.Winnie breathing timeed, No. Thats not possible.A add up of wolves and a tiger. A real tiger, Keller, not any abjecter cat. There were human witnesses who saw it. Its be reported as some bizarre escape from a private zoo.Keller stood rigid. Control, control, she thought. We dont have time for suffer weve got to figure out what this tauts. besides she couldnt help thinking about Grandma Harmans good aging face. not a beautiful face, not a four-year-old face, barely a good one, with intelligence and mood in the keen gray eyes. A face with a thousand wrinkles-and a story to go with all(prenominal) one.How would Circle Daybreak ever get along without her? The oldest witch in the worldly concern, the oldest Hearth-Woman.Winnie send some(prenominal) hands to her face and began to cry.The others stood silently. Keller didnt know what to do. She was so bad at these emotional things, pla inly nobody else was stepping forward. Nissa was eventide less good at dealing with emotion, and right now her cool face was sympathetic and poor unless distant. Iliana looked on the verge of tears herself, but uncertain. Galen was staring emptily across the room with something desire despair.Keller awkwardly put an arm around Winnie. Come on, sit down. Do you deficiency some tea? She wouldnt manage you to cry.All pretty stupid things to say. notwithstanding Winnie buried her strawberry-blond head against Kellers chest, sobbing.Why? Why did they kill her? It isnt right. Nissa shifted uneasily. Paulie say something about that, too.He said we should turn on CNN. Keller set her teeth. Wheres the remote? she said, trying not to go rough. Iliana picked it up and punched in a channel. An anchorwoman was speaking, but for a second Keller couldnt take in what she was saying. All she could seem were the words on the screenCNN SPECIAL REPORT ANIMAL PANIC.And the footage, rough video from somebodys camcorder. It showed an unbelievable scene. An customary city street, with skyscrapers in the background-and in the foreground ordinary-looking people all mixed up with shapes.Tawny shapes. about(predicate) the self aforesaid(prenominal)(prenominal) size she was in panther form, and sinuous. They were on top of people.Four of them no, five. Mountain lions. They were killing the mankind. A woman was screaming, flailing at an animal that had her arm in its mouth to the elbow. A man was trying to put another lion off a unretentive boy.Then something with a white-tipped muzzle ran directly at the camera. It jumped. There was a gasping scream and for an instant a glimpse of a wide-open mouth change with dickens-inch teeth. Then the video turned to static.-that was the scene at the La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles today. We now go to Ron Hennessy, live outside the Los Angeles Chamber of CommerceKeller stood frozen, her fists clenched in helpless fury.Its happening e verywhere, Nissa said restfully from behind her. Thats what Paulie said. Every major city in the U.S. is being attacked. A white rhino killed two people in Miami. In Chicago, a pack of timber wolves killed an armed police officer.Shapeshifters, Keller whispered.Yes. Killing globe openly. They may even be transforming openly. Paulie said that some people claimed to see those Chicago wolves change. She took a complicated breath and spoke slowly. Keller, the time of chaos at the end of the millennium its happening now. They cant cover this up with a private zoo story. This is it-the beginning of the time when humans find out about the darkness World.Diana looked bewildered. But why would shapeshifters start attacking humans? And why would they kill Grandma Harman?Keller shook her head. She was quickly approaching numbness. She glanced at Galen and saw that he felt exactly the same.Then there was a clotted sound beside her.Thats the skepticism-why, Winnie said in a thick voice. U sually, with her elfin features and mop of curls, she looked younger than her age. But right now, the skin on her face was drawn tight, and her birdlike bones make her look just about like an old woman.She turned on Keller and Galen, and her eyes were burning.Not honourable why theyre doing it, why theyre being allowed to do it. Wheres the branch House while all this is loss on? Why arent they monitoring their own people? Is it because they agree with whats happening?The last words were snapped out with a vicious-ness that Keller had never heard in Winfrith before. Galen opened his mouth, then he shook his head. Winnie, I dont think-You dont think You dont know? What are your parents doing? Are you saying you dont know that?Winnie-They killed our oldest leader. Our bright woman. You know, some people would take that as a declaration of war.Keller felt s frivolityen and at the same time furious at her own helplessness. She was in charge here she should be heading Winnie off.But she was a shapeshifter like Galen. And along with the ability to transform and the exquisitely tuned senses, they both shared something unique to their race.The sin of the shapeshifters.The terrible guilt that went back to the ancient days and was part of the very fabric of Kellers mind. No shapeshifter could entomb it or escape it, and nobody who wasnt a shapeshifter could ever understand.The guilt was what held Galen standing there while Winnie shouted at him, and held Keller unable to interrupt.Winnie was right in front of Galen now, her eyes blazing, her body crackling with latent vital force like a small but fiery orange comet.Who woke that dragon up, anyway? she demanded. How do we know the shapeshifters arent up to their old tricks? mayhap this time theyre going to wipe the witches out completely-Stop itIt was Hiana.She planted herself in front of Winnie, small but earnest, a little ice maiden to combat the witchs fire. Her nose was tap and swollen, and she was still wea ring those teddy bear slippers, but to Keller she somehow looked valiant and magnificent.Stop hurting each other, she said. I dont understand any of this, but I know that youre not going to get anywhere if you fight. And I know you dont pauperization to fight. All at once, she flung her arms around Winnie. I know how you feel-its so awful. I felt the same way when Grandma Mary died, my moms mother. All I could think of was that it was dear so unfair.Winfrith hesitated, standing stiffly in Dianas embrace. Then, slowly, she lifted her own arms to hold Iliana back.We need her, she whispered.I know. And you feel mad at the people who killed her. But its not Galens fault. Galen would never hurt anybody.It was said with authoritative conviction. Hiana wasnt even looking at Galen. She was stating a fact that she felt was common knowledge. But at the same time, now that she was off her guard, her expression was tender and almost shining.Yes, thats love, all right, Keller thought. And it s good.Very slowly, Winnie said, I know Galen wouldnt. But the shapeshiftersMaybe, Galen said, we should babble about that If Winnies face was pinched, his was set in steel. His eyes were so dark that Keller couldnt distinguish the color.Maybe we should talk about the shapeshifters, he said. He nodded toward the kitchen table, which was still strewn with the parchments. About their history and about the dragons. He looked at Diana. If theres any chance of-of a promise ceremony between us, its stuff you ought to know.Iliana looked startled.Hes right, Nissa said in her unruffled voice. After all, thats what we were doing to start with. Its all tied together.Kellers social unit body was tight. This was something that she very practically didnt want to talk about But she refused to give in to her own weakness. With a tremendous effort, she managed to say steadily, All right. The entire story.It started back in the days humans were still living in caves, Galen said when they were al l sit down at the kitchen table again. His voice was so bleak and controlled that it didnt even sound like Galen.The shapeshifters control then, and they were brutal. In some places, they were just the totem spirits who demanded human sacrifice, but in others He searched through and through the parchments, selected one. This is a picture of a breeding pen, with humans in it. They treated humans exactly the way humans treat cattle, breeding them for their hearts and livers. And the more human flesh they ate, the stronger they got.Iliana looked down at the parchment scrap, and her hand abruptly clenched on a tissue. Winnie listened silently, her pointed face stern.They were stronger than anyone, Galen said. Humans were like flies to them. The witches were more trouble, but the dragons could beat them.Iliana looked up. What about the vampires? There werent any yet, Galen said quietly. The first one was Maya Hearth-Woman, the sister of Hellewise Hearth-Woman. She made herself into a v ampire when she was looking for immortality. But the dragons were naturally immortal, and they were the undisputed rulers of the planet. And they had about as much pity for others as a 7. rex has. But all the shapeshifters werent like that, were they?Iliana asked. There were other kinds besides the dragons, right?They were all bad, Keller said simply. My ancestorsthe big felines-were pretty awful. But the bears and the wolves did their share.But youre right, the dragons were the worst, Galen said to Iliana. And thats who my family is descended from. My last name, Drache, means dragon. Of course, it was the weakest of the dragons that was my ancestor. The one the witches left stir because she was so young. He turned to Winnie. Maybe youd better tell that part. The witches know their own history best. hush looking severe, Winnie thumbed through the parchment scraps until she found one. Here, she said. Its a picture of the concourse of the witches. Hecate Witch-Queen nonionized it. She was Hellewises mother. She got all the witches together, and they went after the shapeshifters. There was a big fight. A really big fight.Winnie selected another piece of music of scroll and pushed it toward Diana.Diana gasped.The parchment piece she was looking down at was almost solid red.Its fire, she said. It looks like-it looks like the whole worlds on fire.Galens voice was flat. Thats what the dragons did. Geological records show that volcanoes all over the world erupted around then. The dragons did that. I dont know how the magics lost. But they figured that if they couldnt have the world, nobody else would, either.They tried to destroy the world, Keller said. And the rest of the shapeshifters helped.It almost worked, too, Winnie said. But the gathering of witches managed to win, and they buried all the dragons alive. I mean, they put them to sleep first, but then they buried them in the deepest places of the earth. She second base her lip and looked at Galen. Which pro bably wasnt very nice, either.What else could they do? Galen said quietly. They left the dragon princess alive-she was scarcely three or four years old. They let her grow up, under their guidance. But the world was a sunbaked and barren place for a long time. And the shapeshifters have always been the lowest of all the Night People.Thats true, Nissa put in, her voice neither approving nor disapproving, simply fashioning an observation. Most Night People consider shapeshifters second-class citizens. They try to keep them down. I think, underneath, that theyre still afraid of them.And theres never been an alliance between the shapeshifters and the witches, Keller said. She looked directly at Diana. Thats why the promise ceremony is so important. If the shapeshifters dont side with the witches, theyre going to go with the vampires-She stopped abruptly and looked at Galen.He nodded. I was thinking the same thing.Those animal attacks, Keller said slowly. It sounds as if the shapeshif ters are already do their decision. Theyre helping to bring about the time of chaos at the end of the millennium. Theyre letting the whole world know that theyre siding with the vampires.There was a shocked silence.But how can they decide? Winnie began.Thats just it, Nissa said. The question is, is it just the ordinary shapeshifters whore doing it, or is it official? In other words, has the First House already persistent?Everyone looked at Galen.I dont think so, he said. I dont think theyll make any decision yet, at least not in public. As for what theyre doing in private, I dont know. His voice was still flat it made no excuses.He looked around the table, facing all of them. My parents are warriors. They dont belong to Circle Daybreak, and they dont like the witches. But they dont like the vampires, either. More than anything, theyll want to be on whichever side is going to win. And that depends on which side gets the disturbed Powers.I think they want something else, Keller sai d. like?They want to know that the witches are treating them fairly and not just trying to use them. I mean, if they thought that Circle Daybreak had found the Witch Child but wasnt going to promise her to their heir, well, they wouldnt be happy. Its not just a matter of having a kinship confiscate with the witches. Its a matter of feeling theyre being treated as equals.Nissas light brown eyes narrowed, and she seemed almost to smile. I think youve summed it up very well.So what it all comes down to, Keller said pointedly, is what happens on Saturday night. If theres a promise ceremony, it means the witches have found the chaotic Power and that theyre willing to tie her to the shapeshifters. If notShe let the sentence trail off and looked at Hiana.There, she thought. Ive put it so plainly and simply, you cant deny it now. And you cant help but see whats at stake.Dianas eyes were like faraway violet storm clouds. Keller couldnt tell what she was thinking. Maybe that the daub could nt be denied but that she herself wasnt involved.Winnie took a deep breath. Galen.Her face was still drawn and unhappy, but the burning animosity in her eyes was gone. She met Galens gaze directly.Tm sorry, she said. I shouldnt have said those things before. I know youre on our side. And Im not like those people who dont affirm the shapeshifters.Galen smiled at her faintly, but his eyes were serious. I dont know. Maybe you shouldnt trust us. There are things in our blood-you cant get rid of the dragon completely.It was strange. At that moment, his eyes looked not only dark but almost red to Keller. Exactly the opposite of their usual golden-green. It was as if a light were smoldering somewhere deep inside them. Then Winnie abruptly extended her hand across the table. I know you, she said. And theres nothing bad in your blood. I wont mistrust you again.Galen hesitated one instant, then reached out with something like gratitude and took her hand.Thanks, he whispered.Hey, if I were t he Witch Child, Id promise to you in a minute, Winnie said. Then she sniffled, but her smile was much more like the old Winnies smile.Keller glanced at Iliana almost casually and was riveted by what she saw.The girl had changed again. Now she didnt look like a princess or an ice maiden but like a very young soldier about to go into battle. Or maybe a human sacrifice who could save her kinship group by jumping into a volcano.Her hair seemed to shine, silvery and pale, and her eyes were deep, deep violet in her small face. Her slight shoulders were back, and her chin was determined.Slowly, staring at something invisible in the center of the table, Iliana stood up.As soon as the motion drew their attention, the others fell quiet. It was obvious to everyone that something important was happening.Iliana stood there, her hands clenched by her sides, her chest procession and falling with her breathing. Then she looked at Galen. Finally, she looked at Keller.Tm not the Witch Child any mor e than Winnie is. And I think you know that by now. But She took a breath, steadied herself.Keller held her own breath.But if you want me to pretend to be, Ill do it. Ill go to the promise ceremony with Galen-I mean, if hell do it with me. She gave a half-embarrassed glance at Galen, looking shy and almost apologetic.Will he ever Winnie said enthusiastically. Keller could have kissed her. Galen himself didnt rise to the articulation properly at all instead, he opened his mouth, looking uncertain.Fortunately, Iliana was going on. Then Ill go through with it. And maybe that will be enough for the shapeshifters to join with the witches, as long as they dont find out Im a fake. She looked unhappy. She was so adamant that for a moment Keller was shaken. Could it be she wasnt the Wild Power? But no. Keller knew she was. She just hasnt awakened her power yet. And if she continued to deny it, she never would.She said, Thank you, Iliana. You dont know how much, how many lives youre going to save. Thank you.Then the excitement got the better of her, and she took Iliana by the arm and gave her a sort of shaking wrench of affection.Youre a trooper Winnie said, and hugged her hard. I knew youd come through all the time, I really did.Nissa smiled at her with real(a) approval. Galen was smiling, too, although there was something in his eyesTheres just one thing, Iliana said a little bit breathlessly, detrition her arm where Keller had gripped it.Ill do this. I said I would. But I have two breaks.Kellers excitement deflated. Conditions?You can have anything you want, Winnie said, blinking away happy tears. Cars, clothes, booksNo, no, I dont want things, Diana said. What I mean is, Im doing this because I cant just stand around and not do anything when stuff like that is going on. She shivered. I have to do anything I can to help. But. Im still not the right person. So the first condition is that while Im pretending to be the Wild Power, you guys have somebody out looking for the real one.Keller said smoothly, Ill tell Circle Daybreak. Theyll keep looking and checking other Harmans. Theyll do it for as long as you want them to.They would, too. It was a small price to pay.And the other condition? Keller asked.I want to go to Jaimes party on Saturday.Instant uproar. Even Nissa was talking over people. Keller cut short her own exclamations and gestured for everybody to shut up.Then she looked Diana dead in the eye.Its impossible. And you know its impossible. Unless youve found a way to be in two places at once.Dont be stupid, Diana said. That small, determined chin was tight. I mean before the promise ceremony thing. I want to go just for an hour or two. Because shes one of my very best friends, and shes gotten attacked twice because of me.So what? Youre already making it up to her. Youre saving her life and her twin brothers life and her parents lives-No, Im not. Im faking being a Wild Power when I know it isnt true. Im acting a lie. There were tears in Dianas eyes now. But Im not going to hurt Jaimes feelings, and Im not going to break my promise to her. And thats that. So if you want me to go through with your little charade, Ill do it, but I want to go to the party first.There was a silence.Well, shes stubborn, Ill give her that, Keller thought. erst she decides on something, she absolutely wont be budged on it. I guess that will be helpful when the Wild Powers fight the darkness someday. But right now, it was simply infuriating.Keller drew a very long breath and said, Okay.Winnie and Nissa looked at her sharply. They hadnt expected her to give in so fast, and they were undoubtedly wondering if their boss had some trick up her sleeve.