Image Quality Assessment Techniques Using Gabor Filters

Image Quality sound judgement Techniques Using Gabor FiltersA SURVEY ON IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES exploitation GABOR FILTERSDeepa female horse Thomas, S. John Livingson(DEEPA MARIA THOMAS, ROOM NO 303, DMR RESIDENCE, KARUNYA LADIES HOSTEL, KARUNYA UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE-641114)Abstract-Image bore judging has a very important role, especially beca ingestion the impact that the quality of devil-baggers have on a viewer is signifi dopet. This shakes it important that visual information is assessed for quality all(prenominal) now and then. Images tolerate be distorted with different types of irregularities like noise, glaze etc. No- savoir-faire take cargon quality assessment manners does not train a consultation shape for assessment, this is particularly helpful when there is no honorable mention ambit available. Gabor filters be efficient is assessing image quality becaexercising their frequency and orientation representations is very similar to the human visual system. This is wherefore Gabor filters be used in cavort extraction , target detection as well as texture segmentation. This paper is a survey of approximately of the no- deferred payment image quality assessment methods that make use of Gabor filters in their quality assessment methodology wither for feature extraction or texture analysis.Key wordsimage quality assessment, Gabor filter, no reference quality assessment. aditImages of good quality have come to be of great brilliance in our day to day life. Statistics suggest that an average person comes crosswise 400 to 600 advertisements in a day. Pictures form a major put of advertisements. Advertisement is just one bea that makes use of images.There ar a lot of image quality assessment techniques available today. No-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA) is one of the types in which the quality is estimated without the use of either reference image, whereas full reference image quality assessment (FR-IQA) make use of a reference image for quality assessment. Gabor filter is chiefly used for edge detection and it has the advantage that the frequency and orientation representations ar very similar to the human visual system. Or in opposite words, the image analysis by Gabor functions is similar to the human perception. A target of Gabor filters with different frequencies and orientations are also useful for extracting useful features from an image.GABOR FILTERS IN boast EXTRACTIONUse of Gabor filter is motivated by the fact that they are optimal in while and frequency. In addition these filters can forecast the visual cortex of whatever mammals as described in 1. This is why Gabor filters are used in many applications like target detection, image segmentation etc..Figure 1 Two dimensional Gabor filterSources http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabor_filterNR-IQA USING GABOR FILTERSNo-reference image quality assessment is one of the types in which the quality is estimated without the us e of any reference image, whereas full- reference techniques make use of a reference image for quality assessment. Described to a lower place are two no- reference image quality assessment techniques apply Gabor filters.NR-IQA USING VISUAL CODEBOOK (CBIQ)The setoff step of this method 2 is codebook construction. It is built by dividing an image into BxB patches. All the unending patches are removed, for the rest of the patches Gabor feature vectors are computed. This is repeated for all the education images. Using this set, with a clustering algorithm the codebook is created. The input image is be by the statistical distribution of codewords from the codebook. The number of times the codeword is found and each time a nearest neighbor is found, the count is increased by one. If the outmatch between the vector of the feature and the nearest neighbor is grandr than a predefined threshold, then it is considered as an outlier. In a case where a large number of outliers are enco untered, then there might be most type of distortion which was not encountered in the training set. This image quality assessment technique is represented as CBIQ (Codebook Image Quality).The quality metric unit is Qm(I) and is given by,Qm(I)=where,H1(i) is the probability of the occurrence of the code wordsDMOS(C(i)) is the Differential stiff Opinion Scores of the codewords.NR-IQA BASED ON VISUAL SALIENCY channelise SAMPLING (IQVG)This method 3 is a no-reference image quality assessment method based on visual saliency. Visual saliency is what grabs our attention and it makes some parts of the image stand out from the rest. In this method firstly, a sufficient number of patches are sampled for which the mean saliency is greater than the threshold. Next, feature extraction is done by convolving each patch with Gabor filters. Using histograms the features are encoded, this gives an image representation. Using regression methods such as SVR the model can be adroit. Finally, the qu ality of the test image is predicted automatically with a trained model.FR-IQA USING GABOR FILTERSThe full reference method of image quality assessment is different from the no reference methods in that it does not make use of a reference image for quality assessment. Described below are two full reference image quality assessment techniques using Gabor filters.FR-IQA USING FEATURE SIMILARITY INDEX (FSIM)In this method 4 firstly, two image extractions are made namely, phase congruence (PC) and gradient order of magnitude (GM). PC is contrast invariant, this implies that the variations in quality due to contrast differences are not identified by PC. As a result of this, the GM needs to be extracted using gradient operators like Prewitt operator, Sobel operator and Scharr operator. at a time the PC and GM are extracted for the reference image and the distorted image, FSIM can be computed to measure the similarity between the two images. The FSM can be measured by combining similarit y measure between images for some(prenominal) PC and GM given bywhere, is the similarity measurement of PC is the similarity measurement of GM and are positive real rimeThe combined similarity is given by = . where, and are parameters to adjust their relation back weightage or importance.Finally, the FSIM measure is given as belowFSIM= where,FR-IQA USING perceptual METHOD (MIGF)One of the features necessary for good IQA is that it should be consistent with the indispensable judgment of humans on the image. In this method 5 first, the features are extracted using a two dimensional Gabor filter which acts as a topical anaesthetic band-pass filter with optimal localization properties. Next, divisive normalization transform (DNTF) is performed where the unidimensional transform coefficient is normalized by the energy of a cluster of neighboring coefficients. This reduces the high order dependencies in the extracted Gabor features. Next, the visual energy information (VEI) for e ach plateful and orientation is given bywhere, is the scale, is the orientation is real part of DNTF is the imaginary number part of DNTFOnce the VEI is calculated, the coarse information (MI) can be calculated as the difference between the VEI obtained from the reference image and distorted image. MI can be calculated using marginal probability distribution and joint probability distribution. The quality score is as described belowScore=where, and denote the VEI of the reference image and distorted image one by one at scale i and orientation .COMPARISON OF IQA TECHNIQUESThe table below shows a comparison between the four techniques described above. It describes the merits and demerits of the four IQA methods. submit 1COMPARISON TABLECONCLUSIONSThis work provides the comparative study of some of the IQA methods in image processing. The algorithms that were considered were both no reference and full reference algorithms. All the IQA methods discussed here make use of Gabor f ilters in one bearing or another. This paper highlights importance of Gabor Filters in image quality assessment.REFERENCES1 Anjali G. (2012), For image enhancement and segmentation by using evaluation of Gabor filter parameters. IJATER, 2, 46-56.2 Peng Y. and David D. (2014), No- reference image quality assessment based on visual codebook. own Similarity Index for Image Quality Assessment. IEEE Trans. IP, 21, 3129-3138.3 Zhongyi G., Lin Z. and Hongyu L., (2013),Learning a bling image quality index based on visual saliency maneuver sampling and Gabor filtering. ICIP, 186-190.4 Lin Z. and Xuanqin M., (2011), FSIM Feature Similarity Index for Image Quality Assessment . IEEE Trans. IP, 20, 2378-23865 Ding Y., Zhang Y., Wang X., Yan X. and Krylov A.S. (2014), Perceptual image quality metric using mutual information of Gabor features. Science China Information Sciences, 57,0321111-0321119.

Crystal Growth and Nonlinear Optics

Crystal maturation and Nonlinear OpticsCHAPTER 1 invention TO CRYSTAL GROWTH AND NONLINEAR OPTICS1.1INTRODUCTIONCrystal appendage is regarded as an ancient affair, owing to the fact that the quartz glass of salt and sugar were known to the ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations. The subject of watch watch glasslizing ontogeny was treated as agency of watch glasslography and never had an self-reliant identity until the last century. It has a long history of evolution from a substance potting art to a attainment in its own properly which has accelerated by the invention of transistor in 1948, and the subsequent fate for high gear purity semiconductor private quartzs.Crystals argon the unacknowledged pillars of reinvigorated-fangled technology. The fundamentals of vitreous silica produce was entirely bestowed upon the morphologic studies of the naturally occurring crystals. frankincense began the scientific approach for this subject during the seventeenth century by Kepler, followed by quite a few others like Nicolous Steno, Descartes, Bartholinus, etc. This type of morphological study slowly led to the understanding of the atomistic process of crystal growth. Recent bursting research on nanostructured somatics depend on the crystal growth theory and technology. In the early twentieth century, the crystal growth evolved as a separate branch of light and several theories from Kossel, Donnay-Harker, Volmer and Burton, Cabrera and Frank (BCF) were proposed. Although science of crystal growth originated through the explanations of Nicolous Steno in 1669, the actual impetus to this battleground began after the BCF theory was formulated and also when thither was a great demand for crystals during World War II.Crystal growth plays an principal(prenominal) grapheme in material science and engineering. It is an interdisciplinary subject of physics and chemistry. initially the natural crystals were adored as gems and museum pieces. Later, a tr ansition of crystals has occurred from museum to technology which excite crystal grower community to produce large crystals artificially. In the new-fangled scientific era, the utility of crystals has been extended to novel devices such as nonlinear optical and piezoelectric devices.Atomic arrangement with periodicity in terzetto dimensional pattern at equally repeated distances be called single crystals. The preparation of single crystal is more difficult than poly crystalised material and extra effort is justified because of outstanding properties of single crystals (Laudise 1970). The single crystal growth has prominent role in the present era because of quick technical and scientific advancement. The application of crystals has unbounded limits because of its special optical and galvanic properties over non crystalline material. This means that the new crystals have to be large and fabricated in order to assess their device properties. The main parameters which remove in crystal growth are nucleation, growth rate, stability, crystalline defects, compositional inhomogeneity and thermodynamics of the source of liquid.The evolution in the crystal growth requires non intact scientific understanding, but also the driving force of applied technology which so ofttimes provides a significant influence in foreground the lack of scientific knowledge and need for a more subtile evolution of science and indeed the development of new concepts. The studies on the growth and physical properties of single crystals of amino acids and their compounds are of great interest because they stimulate properties such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and possibly ferroelectricity.In the recent century, the development of science in many studys has been achieved through the growth of single crystals. The single crystals designed for producing back harmonic generation (SHG) received consistent attention for applications in the field of telecommunication, optical i n defining processing, laser remote sensing and coloration displays.1.2KINETICS OF CRYSTAL GROWTHCrystals are firm substances in general which whitethorn be obtained from solid, liquid or vapour phase. Except for solid phase, all other phases yield crystals with developed fountains, which represent the crystal specialty interface during the development of a crystal from the growth medium. Subsequently, the crystal faces tick off information or so the nature of the interfaces as well as about the phenomena taking dress at the interface.In solid phase growth, roughly grains grow larger at the expense of others and the interface mainly concavo-concave with respect to the increase grain and lies in the interior of the volume mass.In melt growth, the interface is forced to take the shape of the isotherm inside the crucible containing the melt. However, in both fictional characters, a muster out development of the faces is rarely encountered. It is also possible to obtain v aluable information about the growth processes by using suitable methods. Elementary processes involved in the development of the micromorphology of as bragging(a) scrapes of bulk single crystal and epitaxial works, and of evaporated and etched bulges under several(predicate) experimental conditions are essentially similar irrespective of the type of a material.When a crystal burden attains a critical surface, then it grows into crystal of macroscopic dimension with well developed faces. Several theories have been proposed to formulate the mechanism of crystal growth. They areSurface life force theory,adsorption stratum theory andDiffusion theory.The surface force theory states that the growing crystal assumes a shape, which has a minimum surface nil. According to adsorption layer theory, a molecule arriving at a crystal surface from the bulk of the supersaturated resolve or super cooled melt loses a part of its latent heat. All molecules similar to this move along the surface and marrow together to form a small 2 dimensional nucleus callable to inelastic collision. Bravious proposed that the growth rate of a crystal face depends on reticular densities of a lattice betoken of that face. The surface energy is the least when the face possesses the greatest reticular density. The attachment energy is due to Vander Waals force in the case of homopolar crystals and it is due to electrostatic forces in the case of ionic crystals. According to the diffusion theory matter is deposited continuously on a crystal phase at the rate proportional to the expiration in assiduousness between the point of deposition and the bulk of the ascendant.In diffusion theory, the molecules in contact with the crystal surface are adsorbed quickly. A tightfistedness gradient is thus produced between the bulk of the theme and the growing crystal surface. The mass transfer from the bulk of the solution to the surface involves molecular(a) diffusion. In general, in any c rystal growth process, the following steps are involved(i) Generation of reactants(ii) Transport of reactants to the growth surface(iii) Adsorption at the growth surface(iv) Nucleation(v) Growth and(vi) Removal of unwanted answer products from the growth surface1.2.1Solution, solvability and Super SolubilityA solution is a similar mixture of a solute in a effect. Solute is a component, which is present in a smaller metre. For a wedded solute, there may be different resultant roles. The root is chosen taking into news report of the following factors to grow crystals from solution(i) goodish solubility for the given solute(ii) Good temperature coefficient of solute solubilityLess viscosity(iv) Less volatility(v) Less wearing and non toxicity(vi) Low vapour pressure and(vii) Cost advantageSolubility of the material in a solvent decides the amount of the material, which is available for the growth and hence defines the total size limit. Solubility gradient is another impor tant parameter, which dictates the growth procedure. If the solubility gradient is very small, slow evaporation of the solvent is the best option for crystal growth in order to hold on a constant supersaturation in the solution. Growth of crystals from solution is mainly a diffusion-controlled process. The medium must be viscous enough to enable alacritous transference of the growth units from the bulk solution by diffusion. Hence, a solvent with less viscosity is preferable. Supersaturation is an important parameter for the solution growth process. The crystal grows by the access of the solute in the solution where the degree of supersaturation is maintained. The solubility information at various temperatures are essential to determine the level of supersaturation. Hence, the solubility of the solute in the chosen solvent must be determined earlier starting the growth process.The descent between the offset parsimoniousnesss as a function of temperature is represented by the solubility plot in finger 1.1 which is known as temperature-concentration diagram. Miers carried out extensive research in the relationship between supersaturation and spontaneous crystallization. The lower continuous line is the normal solubility curve for the salt concerned. Temperature and concentration at which spontaneous crystallization occurs are represented by the upper broken curve, generally referred to as the supersolubility curve. The whole concentration-temperature field is separated by the saturated solution line (solubility curve) into two regions, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions. Saturated solutions are those mixtures, which can retain their equilibrium indefinitely in contact with the solid phase with respect to which they are saturated. The solubility of most substances increase with temperature (the temperature coefficient of the solubility is positive) and crystals can be grown merely from supersaturated solutions, which contain an additional of the solute above the equilibrium value. The temperature-concentration diagram is divided into three regions, which are termed as region I, II and common chord respectively.Figure 1.1 Miers solubility curve(i)The stable (undersaturated) zone where crystallization is not possible (Region I).(ii)The region II is a metastable zone, between the solubility and supersolubility curves, where spontaneous crystallization is improbable. However, if a seed crystal is placed in metastable solution, growth would occur on it.(iii)The region III is an tender or labile (supersaturation) zone, where spontaneous crystallization is more probable.If the solution whose concentration and temperature represented by point A in the Figure. 1.1, is cooled without loss of solvent (Line ABC) spontaneous crystallization cannot occur until conditions represented by point C are reached. At this point, crystallization is spontaneous. Further cooling to some point D will produce spurious nucleation. The evaporation of solvent from the solution results in supersaturation. The line ABC represents an operation carried out at constant temperature. Pe earningsration beyond the supersolubility curve into the labile zone rarely happens, as the surface from which evaporation takes place is usually supersaturated to a greater degree than the bulk of solution. Crystals, which appear on this surface lastly fall into the solution and seed in it. In practice, a conspiracy of cooling and evaporation as represented by the line ABC is also adopted.1.2.2Expression for SupersaturationIn order to grow crystals, the solution must be supersaturated. Supersaturation is the driving force, which governs the rate of crystal growth. The supersaturation of a dodge may be expressed in number of ways. The basic units of concentration as well as temperature must be specified.The degree of supersaturation of a solution is defined using the concept of absolute supersaturation (1.1)where C is the concentration of the dissolve d substance at a given moment and Co is its solubility limit. The degree of supersaturation can also be defined as the relative supersaturation, which is given by (1.2)or as the coefficient of supersaturation. (1.3)The quantities , and are interconnected (Khamshii 1969)1.3NUCLEATIONIn a supersaturated or super cooled system, few atoms or molecules join together and a change in energy takes place during the formation of bunch togethers. The cluster of atoms or molecules is called embryo. An embryo may grow or disintegrate and disappear completely. If the embryo grows to a particular size, critical size known as critical nucleus, then there is a purpose for the nucleus to grow. Thus, nucleation is an important phenomenon in crystal growth and is the precursor of crystal growth and of the overall crystallization process. The formation of stable nucleus occurs only by the addition of a number of molecules (A1) until a critical cluster is formed. In generalA n-1 + A 1 A n (Critical) (1.4)Any further addition to the critical nucleus results in nucleation followed by growth. Once these nucleus grow beyond a certain size, they become stable under the average condition of supersaturation of the solution. Further, the creation of a new phase in the homogeneous solution demands for the expenditure of certain quantity of energy. Once embryos achieve this critical size there is a high probability that they will grow, relatively unhindered, to macroscopic size.1.3.1Types of NucleationNucleation may occur impromptu or may be induced artificially. These two cases are often referred to as homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation respectively. The term primary will be reserved for both the cases of nucleation in the systems that do not contain crystalline matter. On the other hand, the nucleus is often generated in the vicinity of crystals presented in the supersaturated system. This phenomenon is referred to as secondary nucleation. Figure 1.2 shows the classification of nucleation.The spontaneous formation of crystalline nucleus in the interior of the parent phase is called homogeneous nucleation. If the nucleus forms heterogeneously around ions, impurity molecules or on dust particles, on surfaces or at structural irrgularities such as dislocations or other imperfections is called heterogeneous nucleation.Figure 1.2 Schematic diagram indicating the classification of nucleationNucleation can often be induced by external processes like agitation, friction, mechanical shock, electromagnetic fields, extreme pressure, ultraviolet, X-rays, rays, sonic and ultrasonic radiation and so on (Mullin 2001 Laudise 1975 Gilman 1963 Stringfellow 1979 Sangwal 1987 Jancic Grootscholten 1984).1.3.2 zip of formation of a nucleusAny isolated droplet of a quiet is most stable when its free energy is maximum and thus its area is minimum. The growth of an embryo or a crystal could be considered as an example of this principle. The total energy of the crystal in equ ilibrium with its skirt at constant temperature and pressure would be minimum for a given volume. When a volume free energy per unit volume is considered to be constantai i = minimum (1.5)whereai is area of ith face andi is surface energy per unit areaThus considering the nucleus to be spherical, the energy of formation of the nucleus is determined.1.3.3Energy of Formation of Spherical sumThe formation of a droplet nucleus due to supersaturation of vapour demands the expenditure of a certain quantity of energy in the creation of new phase. then the total free energy change associated with the formation of homogeneous nucleation may be considered as follows. Let G be the overall excess free energy of the embryo between the two phases. Since the volume and surface free energies, the total free energy associated with the process can be written asG = G S + G V (1.6)where GS is the surface free energy change and GV is the volume free energy change. For a spherical nucleus of radius r ,G = r3 G V + 4 r2 (1.7)The first term expresses the formation of the new surface and the second term expresses the difference in the chemical potential between the crystalline phase and the surrounding mother liquid. Where is the interfacial tension and Gv is the free energy change per unit volume, which is a negative quantity, r the radius of the nucleus. Since the surface free energy increases with r2 and volume free energy decreases with r3, the total net free energy change increases with increase in size and attains a critical value after which it decreases. The size corresponding to the maximum free energy change is called critical nucleus.

Value Chain Analysis Toyota Motor

abide by Chain Analysis Toyota MotorToyota Motors vision is to be the intimately successful and respected wholeiance that lowlife go past rised the happiness for nodes. Toyota a interchangeable expects to be the outmatch solution of the railroad political machinemobile industry with the variety of its crossings, and the best quality of its commonwealth and technology.Mission of Toyota push is to add guest with ripe(p) and full journey. Beca expenditure of Toyota concern with the surroundingsal-friendly is the basic and virtually important issue for its functional, so it extended many bran- in the alto expireher technology for energy saving and substitute energy source spot Toyota exchangeablely concern for creating a good and clean society.Meanwhile, Toyota Motor Thailands vision is to be the leader of Toyota Asia Pacific and Toyota motor network most the world that be the most respected and prize company in Thailand. For the mission, it wants to st rengthen its re writhe and support the collaboration in the Asia Pacific argona that flush toilet achieves the proud customer satisfaction and securities industry sh ar. Moreover, Toyota Thailand foc practice sessions on the safety with the archetypal issue for its working and to a fault wants to create social quality by many exercisingful society activities.2. Value Chain Analysis ( focus on Toyota Motor Thailand )Toyota uses a damage Leadership as its generic out mental strain. Toyota has been trying to stifle their tolls in every stage of harbor chain merely still, they need to keep back the eminent-quality standard. So, each stage of the analysis testament orient how it links the be leadership strategy to the value chain.2.1. Inbound logisticsIn this stage, Toyota receives move from both(prenominal) local anesthetic and international suppliers. They ship comp star and only(a)nts from international suppliers by ships then furnish to business plant by truck s and for local suppliers in Thailand, trucks with full-loaded are apply. This modality they stick out buy components at cheaper price. Toyota makes suppliers making a commitment that they volition share any innovation in the suppliers group that provokes similar products. This provide make suppliers publish better quality move, more(prenominal)(prenominal) than than(prenominal)(prenominal) efficiently. Also they use Just-in- season and Milk run. (see appendix)Just-in- conviction is a part of lean management. It reduces lead time, parentage level, so safekeeping constitute decreases. In this stage, by applying JIT, we forget receive parts from suppliers at the right time and right amount. Because we impart order parts at the amount the production plants re tot every(prenominal)yy need. For this method, you offset holding exist with ordering salute.Milk run is the method you use logistics providers to get auto parts from all suppliers in the routes and devolve t o production plants. This method so-and-so reduce vocation at the production plants. There will be fewer trucks because well-nightimes many suppliers utilise to deliver their supplies to the plants but at once only logistics providers truck with full-loaded of parts from divers(prenominal) suppliers. Also, this will make inventory level decreases, because you will receive the parts many times a day, instead of getting a big drove once in a while. So terms in traffic management and holding damage decrease.2.2 OperationAfter receiving components from suppliers, now production plants put all the parts together at their suffer production plants in summate Rong, Gate musical mode and Baan Poh. This chiffonier be called as Lean manufacturing which involve of Just-in-time, Jidoka and Kaizen. (see appendix)For Just-in-time, Kanban has been apply to help achieving. Kanban tells you what to produce, when to produce and how oft to produce by handing elevator political machineds on in the production process. So you wont produce if the previous production process has non passed you the card, which as well could not get started if there is no choose from customers. Also it could reduce lead time, which satisfies customers, because it fanny respond to customer demand immediately. Furthermore, no stocking occurs in the production plants.Jidoka mint reduce spoiled goods by detecting the production process c endurely, so if any problem occurs in the hookup furrow, the production line will be jibe immediately, fixed and make incontestable that it will not happen again. When less(prenominal) defective goods occurs, the production formation be affords more reli equal to(p), high quality, the chance that customers will get defective goods will decrease, satisfaction subjoins.Kaizen is used to improve all functions continuously. It starts with conception generations, then tests the best with the standardized process, if it is good, they will apply th at idea to the old process. The key in this method is to keep improving, never stop generating ideas and test to see whether it is a good idea. By Kaizen, it creates value to customers because they will get better and better product from the improvement in production process.For Toyota, it has worked on improving their lean manufacturing agreement in order to dot their fixed costs more over production. They relieve oneself surpassed Ford and GM in production and costs. They can produce 15 cars per worker which is furthermost more than the 4.7 vehicles per employee Ford can produce. By creating more cars to make out, Toyota has effectively spreadhead their fixed costs over more production.2.3 Outbound LogisticsAfter products are correct, production plants need to delivery its finish goods with the full-loaded truck of cars straightway to its own presentrooms following the demand order of each showroom. Toyota Motor Thailand manages its own showrooms roughly the country. I t helps customers to project Toyotas product easily.In the diffusion process, Toyota will seem for the customers demand. close to of the car will be parked at the parking slews in which they are waiting for the purchasing orders from the dealers. For the cars that already assimilate been situated purchasing orders from customers, they will be parked at the point of substitute and will be sent to the customers as fast as possible. And well-nigh 15 % of the cars that have been parking in the park lots will be sent to the near parking lots for further direct to the dealersIn Thailand, there are 119 dealers with 319 showrooms that Toyota production plants in Thailand have to serve. For this outward-bound logistics in Thailand, Toyota has developed a system called Vehicle Logistics which is a forgather deliver. In the past, one truck can take away 3 epic-sized cars and 6 small-sized cars. In nowadays, it is improved so that one truck can carry 4 large-sized cars and 8 small -sized cars. This in any case helps save the transportation cost for the company as well as reduces carbon dioxide emission to protect the surroundings which is one of the Toyotas purposes.2.4 Marketing and SalesAt this stage, Toyota communicates their cars by focus more on local area and specific lifestyle to repay the different need in each area by using at a lower indicate the lines commercialiseing. It is because Toyota found out that auto securities industry expanded more than 50% from the previous year and only mass media cannot build up assist of its target. So, Toyota decided to offer more of its events through segmenting lifestyles of its customers much(prenominal)(prenominal) as for heap who love racing, Toyota offers the Toyota One fasten Race which the event is for racing Toyota cars and to show quality of Vios and Yaris, around the country. For sport market, Toyota offer itself to be a buy at in many sports that favourite in Thailand, boxing and footbal l, such as the Toyota Thai boxing marathon Vigo smart and the Toyota premier cup 2010. Toyota as well provided 100 cars for the prize of short film competition in the lead Expo Asia 2010. However, Toyota tries to expand its events in every part of Thailand which Toyota will not stamp down all of those events but local dealer to be the one who manage each event. This method can make Toyota get more assist from pile in different lifestyle and help to increase the impulse purchasing from customer.Environmental friendly is the one that Toyota considers as its first issue for working. Therefore, Toyota pushes many CSR activities for save environment and improve the society such as the White Road Campaign to teach children about traffic regulations and safety through fun and practical lessonsToyota also communicates and updates its pertlys through electronic media such as its website, www.toyota.co.th. Moreover, direct mail is a diaphysis for people who want to receive news through e-mail from Toyota by register on its website. Brand ambassador also almost early(a) tools that Toyota use for gain more attention from people by using celebrities who popular in at that time for promote its cars such as it used Joe-Wan AF to be brand ambassador for New Toyota Vios in concept of Make it happen.Even though Toyota focus more on below the line advertize but it also communicate its cars through Mass media such as Toyota launch its advertisement of New Toyota Vios, which has Joe-Wan AF to be a pres inscribe, through television, radio, newspapers, magazine, and billboard. As a result, people aware that Toyota has new Vios in the market because mass media can communicate in wide area.Besides Toyota communicated its cars by advertisement and promotion for its current targeted, it tries to catch new target customer which is a teenager with in-trends lifestyle by building a arse for hanging out, stoping, and show up their creative of student at the common snapping tur tle of teenager, Siam Square. This place was called The Style by Toyota which has the concept of Edutainment that people can come to this place to have fun with many entertainments and can also learn new technology or news of Toyota in the analogous time. Moreover, Toyota also launch a new model of its cars, Yaris beGroovy, to satisfy its new targeted which are teenager from 18-25 years old with fashionable lifestyle. Toyota change its Yaris to be superior and fashionable with its new technology ,such as engine start, from its Vios and Honda fill out which is a main of its challenger. Therefore, the price of Yaris beGroovy also higher than the main competitor which is Honda Jazz for make customers value its Yaris to be high quality than Honda Jazz.2.5 ServicesAfter customers make a buy of political machines, the most important thing they need is customer service, which are check service.Toyota provides its customers a guarantee after obtaind by 36 months or 100,000 km. views on an offer. For this guarantee, if there is any defect components or any activity that affects from the irresponsible of an assembly line. Toyota will replace and fix those for free. This guarantee could also pass on through different ownerships but at heart 36 months or 100,000km. declaim Maintenance is after sale service for car checking. They can give customers a fast service, normally within 1 hour or the given exact time by having 2 technicians check on your car and a boss to make sure that your car meets their standards. Also, they provide a very comfortable waiting room for customers or if you can ask the technicians about problems you have with your car, you can. From the room, you can see the place where all the cars are being checked. There are magazines, TV, snacks, soft drinks for customers to enjoy.Toyota sure enough is a Certified Used Cars center. It is the place where you can sell, buy or replace your used Toyota car with a better deal. They buy at a standard pr ice. They make sure that the cars they are selling meet the resembling standard, with high quality. About 176 points need to be checked before they sell those cars. Every car that has been purchased, they offer a 1-year warranty or within 20,000. And they offer a wide service with more than 50 Toyota Sure across Thailand.3. Porters Five Forces Analysis on Automotive Industry3.1 flagellum of new entrants Barriers to entry Economies of Scale HighIf we take a control at a big players in this industry Toyota, Ford or GM, that sell the products to many countries all around the world. We could see that they are producing in the large amount. And of run-in, this is in the advantage of economies of scale.For gondola industry, it is very large and of course economies of scale must have been successfully reached. In order to compete in this big industry, a cons evolve must be able to achieve economies of scale. It is generally valued to be a low-cost producer, gross sales of over four million vehicles a year are necessary. For this to happen, manufacturers have mass-production of the automotives so that the price of product will be affordable to the customers. This also implies that, the more the company produces the lower cost per unit. This take to bes in verge of the fixed cost comparable the rent, the electricity, the overhead cost, etc. The company can save the advertising cost and the transportation cost as well. As once they pay for the advertising cost or transportation cost, the cost per one unit is less if there are more units produce to sell.Therefore, for this industry, it gestates high economies of scale for the businesses to compete. Product differentiation HighFor the political machine industry, for sure there will be high product differentiation. As we can see in daily lives, many brands of cars are in the roadstead and even if in the same brand there will be many models available for customers to choose. Nowadays cars demonstrate a variety of features in which they differ from their predecessors that an entrant has to spend big amounts on safety, motor management, comfort, design, and numerous electronics functions. However, the innovative technology can also be one of the tools that established firms use to make their differentiation in products as well as create brand identification and customer loyalties. For example, Toyota has been introduced the intercrossed technology in many models of their cars. This also helps save the environment. However, Ford also comes up with a new model called Ford Fiesta that inventing the new technology that uses drivers sound to control the cars.Therefore, in the present day technology and design can be use to create the differentiation between brands and this helps to satisfy the call for of customers as well. Capital Requirement HighThe garbment in large(p) is other barrier to entry that it keeps the difficulty and inconvenience for the new entrants to enter in the industry , since it takes a marvelous amount of capital to manufacture the automobiles. It takes an intense amount of capital not only to be able to manufacture the products but also to keep up with the Research and Development (RD) cost that is necessary for the innovation unavoidablenesss and product development. So, in order to start the business, it requires quite an a high investment. There must be an investment in term of the factory, machines, warehouses as well as other supporting facilities like service facilities.Lets take a look at the example of Toyota, in the year 2010 Toyota has invested its fund for the development of environment technologies, caution and replacement of manufacturing facilities, and the admittance of new products. And the net cash used in investing with these activities was 2,850.1 cardinal for fiscal 2010.Therefore, in starting or existing in the automobile industry, high investment in capital is substantial. Switching Cost smallFor the automobile indu stry, the switching cost is low. Lets say if you would like to change from acquire a Honda car to a Toyota one, this would take you a little daub higher or smaller amount of money for you to pay. As there are many competitors for customers to choose and there are in rivalrous price, the price for each brand is not largely different. However, the switching cost is not only mean in term of the money or the amount you have paid, but this also involves your time, energy, and other costs that have been used to search or learn for the information base on the new brand you want to purchase. Since people get familiar with the car and they can also listen from the words of mouth from their family or friends so, they talent not have to pay a large amount of time or energy to search for information. Therefore the switching cost from one brand to others is low and the gap of price among brands is not largely different. rag to distribution channels HighAccess to distribution channels is ano ther high barrier to entry. A company must find a dealership to sell their automobiles or consider having their own dealership. Also, considering with dealership, since space in the dealerships lots is quite limited. This makes it difficult to have a wider variety of inventory. And of course, to find a dealership is not that easy regardless of brand cognisance Limited capacity within distribution channels (e.g., brand reputation), stake aversion by dealer ship, and the xed costs associated with carrying an additional product can result in retailers being reluctant to carry a new manufacturers product Government indemnity HighLocal content requirement is one of regulation that government set to protect the local automobile companies to get hurt from the foreign automotive manufacturer that access to invest in lower cost countries. It is a regulation, that automotive manufacturer, especially on Toyota which is the biggest firm from Japan have to follow, that involve manufacturer t o use some parts of car that come from local country. In Thailand, the government required that about 85% of local parts are for picks up cars production, almost 70% are for passenger cars, and around 100% are for motorbike.import car tax requirement is one major of regulations that control the sum of import finished or unfinished cars to target countries. In Thailand, the merchandise cars tax are charged around 200-300% of car values while the cars that produce in Thailand are charged only 40-70% of cars values. Even with the same brand, same series would be more expensive if it is imported.Therefore, the government policy of automaker in Thailand is high because government issued the law for protect the local firm intentionally. Which mean its really hard for new entrants to import their cars or invest production in Thailand because regulations that government required, new automotive manufacturer need to have good relationship of suppliers to send the parts for productions and if some parts of productions need to import from oversea, it will effect a lot for new manufacturers to face the high cost of tax.In conclusion, the bane of new entrants for automotive industry is high.3.2 Threat of substitute products LowTransportation system such as buses, trains, motorbike, sky train, subway, ferries, and airplane are consider as one major of substitute products of automobile. Because transportation system can satisfy people need that for transport people from one place to another, similar to automobiles. Moreover, nowadays the oil price is rising continuously due to the shelve of world price of oil it tends to motivate more people to use transportation system which can save their money. Environmental effect is also one contend that makes people turn to transportation system because of the ride more cars, the more Co2. So, people concern more of the earth and environment that make them try to change their lifestyle. As people take more interest on time than b efore especially on working time in urban people so instead of get stuck on the road from traffic jam and wasting time, people turn rely on sky train and subway for saving time and cost. In Bangkok, even though it has the rate of using sky train slightly increased from 132,071,000 people to 146,964,000 people in 3 years, but the rate of cars on the road also high more than 2 times when it compare with the sky train using rate in same period of time. Moreover, for Thai people, car is more than a vehicle. It also shows the image and social status of the driver. That is why Thai people value cat as social materialism and they do not want to go by public transportation like bus to show lower social status. (see table in appendix)Walking, riding bicycle is other substitute product for using car because these activities can also mold people to other place without tax paid like taxes of imported car, and it can benefit more for personal health and environmental advantages. exactly concer ning with Thai weather which is quite hot, therefore it is quite impossible for a person to go by bicycles in a far distance.Therefore, threat of substitute products of automobile is low. As well as, the management of transportation system in Thailand is lower than the standard that should be. In addition, Thailand do not have good city plan system for transportation so people in Thailand willing to pay more of cost and time for clandestine cars more than using transportation system. Moreover, the weather in Thailand is not desirable for walking or riding a bicycle for other place because it too hot and wet. So even though there are many shipway to transport people from one place to another place but private car also offer people more personal and comfortable.3.3 Suppliers Power LowAs there are about top 49 vehicle manufacturing groups (by volume), range from big players like Toyota, General Motor, Volkswagen Group to local groups such as, Ashok Leyland from India, Navistar Inter national Corporation from the States which produces trucks, internal frameworks, Diesel engines, buses, and school buses.For suppliers, there are about thousands suppliers around the world. When talking about suppliers, it means to supply from very small components such as battery boxes, battery switches, electrical fuses, etc. to bigger components, such as wheels and tires because normally car makers outsource those components and out together those components in their own manufacturing plants.So, suppliers power in automobile industry is low because they are lots of suppliers with very few top vehicle manufacturing companies. This means automakers have a high bargaining power over the suppliers the suppliers rely much on those auto makers. If the supplier does not meet auto makers expectations or rules in terms of standard, price, lead time, etc., they can just switch to a new supplier.3.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers Moderately highThe buyers can purchase almost all of the industri es output since there are many brands for them to choose. The manufacturers depend on them to stay in business. The buyers also are a world-shaking portion of the industries revenue. If they cannot keep their buyers with satisfaction then they are in fortune to lose them to their competitors. However, the buyers may go for the other brands if they are not satisfied. all(a) the buyer do is sell the car they own and purchase a new one. For example, like I buy a car from Toyota and I am not satisfy with it I can sell it and purchase a new Honda. The reasons why the power is not completely high is that the buyers are not large and few in number. The buyers do not have the ability to integrate backwards into the industry. If they want a car then they have to purchase it from a dealership.3.5 Intensity of rivalry among competitor HighIn Thailand, Toyota holds almost half of the market share, along with 2 big holders which are Isuzu and Honda. So we could say that automobile industry is a consolidated industry, which means it has few big players who hold major control within the industry.For car industry, they compete in the similar target market, price, and product innovation. When one company comes up with one of those techniques, other companies tend to follow.For example, Toyota Yaris launched the first generation in 1999 two years later Honda Jazz had been introduced to the market and in 2007 Mazda launched Mazda2 to the market. These 3 cars, Jazz, Yaris and Mazda2 are segmented as a hatchback door subcompact car. They target same group of people who are facial expression for affordable transportation with fuel capacity, young and energetic. They all come with slightly different prices with slightly different options, performance and promotion. (see appendix )For automobile industry, the zeal of rivalry is high because there are few big players where 1 product innovation encourages other companies to launch the same type of product, each with the same or be tter function or more valuable. They could not let anyone take a step ahead for so long, because they would lose a high market share to the product leader.5. Implementing StrategiesLean Manufacturing loser and Vertical IntegrationToyota had to recall millions of Prius, Tundra and many other models during the past years, from their gas-paddles, fib mats, fuel-pressure sensor, etc. These results from Toyota tried to cut their unnecessary costs too much, to reduce any waste as it said in Lean Manufacturing strategy.The reason why many models of Toyota had been recalled is because Toyota used the same model of those defective goods from suppliers in many models, to gain more Economy of Scale, for company to reduce cost and get a higher margin. These recalls caused sales of Toyota to decline by 16% last year.As we can see that the problem arises from defective goods from a supplier, so we could apply the Vertical Integration to supply components, instead of outsourcing. This way we can control and maintain a standard of Toyota cars, protecting a companys image and creditability.Push and get by StrategyAs Toyota has been executeing the Pull Strategy, which mean they usually wait for the demand to come then produce, as applying the Kanban tools. still sometimes, this results a long lead time for customers. From this situation, Toyota should integrate Push and Pull strategy together to balance customer satisfaction and cost.For Pull strategy, they already gained a benefit from producing less excess inventory, reduce cost, and flexibleness of products increases. except for Push Strategy, they can use for high-stable-demand products. For example, applying push strategy with the popular car color, features and model. So if you already have those high-demand cars for customers, customer satisfaction will in spades increase, due to less lead time. Normally, people tend to buy more cars during the Motor Show session because they get a better deal. In this case, after having a demand forecast, we could produce cars in advance.Centralized distribution systemThis strategy is used to respond to Push Strategy because when finished goods are waiting for demand, they will need a space for cars to store. By using this system, fixed cost, renting cost, overhead cost, electricity and water, etc. reduces also inbound cost because instead of delivering goods to many distribution centers, you only deliver to fewer centers, risk decreases but outbound cost increases, comparing to cost that incurred from de centralized distribution system.Time PostponementToyota has been implementing the Manufacturing Postponement, which directly links to Kanban, wait for demand to start producing, but if Toyota would apply the Push strategy and centralized distribution system, they should apply Time Postponement Strategy too. Because it means that the finished cars would be kept in central location and wait for demand to deliver the orders to customers.Demand Driving Strateg yAs we want to implement the Push Strategy along with the Pull Strategy, Toyota can use this strategy to forecast demand for Push Strategy from historical data to develop an expected demand from customers. unless also demand could change, due to marketing, advertising campaign on your products, trends (about color for example), economic condition, etc. So as you forecast, these factors should be include under your consideration, in order to get the most accurate forecast. And the more accurate your forecast is, the fewer inventories you have to hold, the more cost reduction and the more customer satisfaction.Graph1 the comparison of using toss Train and cars from 2007 to 2009 in Thailand.Table1 The table shows the specification of Toyota Yaris, Honda Jazz, Mazda2, and Suzuki Swift.Toyota official website www.toyota.comToyota Thailand website www.toyota.co.th/th/toyota2009_home ascertain 3 Milk Run delivery system interpret 4 The differences between doing business as usual and pr acticing Lean ManufacturingFigure 56 Toyota Production System including Just-in-time, Jidoka and KaizenGuarantee aftersalesExpress maintenanceToyota sureBelow the lineMass mediaVehicle logisticsDeliver directly from plants to dealerJust-In-TimeMilk RunJust-In-TimeJidokaKaiZenFigure 2 Strategy used in Toyota Motor Thailand Value chainAppendix AFigure 1 Toyota Motor Thailand Value ChainAppendix BToyota modernistic TechnologyHybrid TechnologyWhat is crossbreed technology?A crossing system combines different power sources to maximize each ones strengths, while compensating for the others shortcomings. A gasoline-electric hybrid system, for example, combines an internal combustion engines high-speed power with the clean efficiency and low-speed torque of an electric motor that never needs to be out of use(p) in.Are all hybrids creating equal?There are several ways in which electric motors and a gas/petrol engine can be combined.Toyota perfected the series/parallel or full hybrid to d eliver the energy-saving benefit of a series hybrid together with the acceleration benefit of a parallel hybrid. Two key technologies the power fall in device and sophisticated energy management make this possible. They constantly optimize the flows of mechanical power and electric power for safe and comfortable vehicle operation at the highest possible efficiency.The Full HybridToyotas unique hybrid system combines an electric motor and a gasoline engine in the most efficient manner. It saves fuel and reduces emissions while giving ample power.For more information www.toyota.global.com/innovation/environmental_technology/hybrid/THE TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEMToyotas orgasm to automobile production, with its inherent quality controls, revolutionized the industry. Its just-in-time supply-chain concept has become a model for manufacturers around the world, and not just for automakers.The Toyota Production System (TPS) calls for the end product to be pulled through the system. This m eans the right parts reach the assembly line at the right place, just as they are needed, and with no excess. This approach represented a radical departure from conventional manufacturing systems, which require large inventories in order to push as much product as possible through production lines, regardless of actual demand. The idea of TPS, the contrary, is to produce only the products required in the precise quantities desired at a given point in timeFocus on flexibilityBy basing production on demand rather than simply on capacity, Toyota manages to keep inventories, both of parts and of finished goods, to a strict minimum. But this is only one of the more obvious advantages of Toyotas unconventional approach. By way on smaller production lots and producing only what customers require when they require it, Toyota has developed a flexibility and responsiveness that continues to set the standard for the industry.With its attention to continuous improvement (Kaizen), Toyota has at tained die-changeo

Emotion Equally Moral

Emotion equally MoralARE REASON AND EMOTION every bit NECESSARY IN JUSTIFYING MORAL DECISIONS?Since the birth of human onto this earth, priming coats and feelings are ofttimes used by us to on the noseify either decisions made. However, to what extent that al near(prenominal) of them licentiousness an meaning(a) case in making decisions? This raises some problematic questions concerning primer and intuition are they really equally necessity? Equally important means both factors must(prenominal)inessiness be present and without any of the factors which are suit and perception, the decision can non be justified. With that, I would say that motive and sensation have the same significant important reference in vindicateing honor competent decision. Both of them subject together to drive us in our daily life so the decisions made bequeath be the surpass for the sake of human being. Thus, this essay will share the equal role of resolve and emotion in justifyi ng moral decisions.First of all, how this two ways of knowing swear outs together. Reason is the ability to mean logically regarded as a basis for get, while emotion is a strong speck towards what you believed in and influencing behaviors. Reason and emotion are equally undeniable in ethic as in justifying decisions emotion will be the catalyst for the next process which is reasoning. Rachel Carlson in his quote says, If facts are the advertds that later start out knowledge and wisdom, then the emotions and the impressions of the senses are the fertile soil in which the seeds must grow. As example, the word of honor of natural disaster of Cycl cardinal Sidr in the southerly part of Bangladesh because of the globular warming effect, the picture of 273,000 houses were destroyed and 650,000 damaged and to a greater extent than 3,000 people dead will emotionally affect the reader. Then, the emotions will set up us the sympathy to the victims of the disaster. It would stimul ate the reason to the morality of the countries that let their factories released the gases that caused the global warming disaster.Here, the emotion is the catalyst for the reason to take issue. However, without the reasoning, the information from the news cannot be organized and to sort out the news in the rational way. The emotion plant the reader of the news felt sympathy to the victims of the cyclone and the reason makes sense of the emotion part and end up with the moral decisions of the news. As Joseph Cook aptly commented, Conscience is our magnetic compass reason our graph. tied(p) reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions, somehow reason play more important role as it can explain certain things that cannot be explained by emotion.In justifying a decision, it must be reasonable and acceptable. Emotion can distract what is haywire and what is right because it depends solely on what a person sees and feel. Thus, reason must present in the process to justify and correct what emotion think of. As example, if a pregnant women wanted to have an abortion. On the emotion level, she might think that having a infant is a burden for her. She just wants fun from the sex besides when she refuses the baby. She wants to get rid of the baby so that she does not have to take care of the baby and continue with her antecedent life. Her immediate response is the excerpt to abort the baby. At that particular time, it may be right for her to abort the baby. hardly then, the feeling of a find declines her to do the abortion and the reasoning process began. She started to consider the debate, it is killing, and the baby deserve a live. Perhaps she might consider that it was not the babys fault, so why should the baby take it. Or maybe she possibly will consider her religion not al down(p) abortion. So, the reasoning process continues until the women can justify her decision to do the abortion or not. Here we can see both are equally signi ficant. Reasoning comes from the emotion process but the emotion itself cannot justify the decision that going to make. Thus, one cannot take place without the other.However, in this so-called civilization era where the cost of living is increasing, the option to abort the baby will be the most suitable survival of the fittest for most of the people. Their reasoning brought them to that kind of decision because they claim having a baby will cost them a lot and they cant afford it. even out though they will feel it is a cruel action through with(predicate) their emotion, but it does not prevent the mother to abort that baby.In escort of the fact that emotion is a feeling that is given form by a thought, it is usually bounded from the past experience that would influence the emotion that is created. If the past experience of the person is genuine, the person will have the good side of emotion or otherwise, the experience will end up with the bad emotion toward something. As a cas e in point, a person witnesses a horrible accident happened in front of his eyes. He can see the victims of the accident screaming for ease. Very luckily, the person has some knowledge about the medical knowledge especially in urgency seat. However, because of the past experience where he failed to save a few lives afterward he gave the medical treatment, the person felt guilty and had the trauma. His emotion tells him not to help the victims as they would die because of him by justifying the action from his past experience. But then, he tries to reason his emotion does it an appropriate action to let the victims that are really in need for some help as he was able to help them? Does it worth him just to see them helplessly veneering the end of their life? After a battle between his emotion and reason, in the end he might decide to help the victims. Even though in this example it is seen like reason is overpower emotion but actually they are equal.Someone may argue that reason is the cause that makes him to help the person. But in reality if his emotion is not stable enough or he did not have the self-reliance to help them but his reason push him to help, the probability that the victims would survive is low because he does not has the mental strength or something to inspire him to help them. This is just like what Winston Churchill has said, Before you can inspire with emotion, you must be swamped with it yourself. Before you can move their tears, your own must flow. To convince them, you must yourself believe. After his reason corrects his emotion or change the perception made by his emotion to inspire him, then he was able to help them. By looking at this example, it is clearly seen that reason has been plays the role the change the emotion of the person and the emotion has justified the decision that he going to make. Here, at first emotion stimulate the reason to work and in the later stage reason corrected and stimulates the emotion. Both of the fa ctors play such equal role in justifying the decision as one might get it wrong without another one or peradventure the decision cannot be justified.There are some limitations where sometimes reason and emotion do not equal in making an honorable issue. This is frequently happen in the religious belief, field of works, and the level of knowledge of the person. In the religion such as Islam and Christian, bigamy (polygamy, adultery) is prohibited in those religions. Although a person wants to have more wives or having a little experience of sex before marriage which comes from his emotion, he cannot do that because of his religion. His reasoning will prevent him to do it as it is against the belief of him to his religion. In the field of work such as judge, emotion must be put out to justify the verdict that going to make. A judge must only depends to the reason from the facts either the accused person is guilty or not. This is the military post where reason and emotion do not pl ay equally necessary in justifying moral decisions.In conclusions, reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decision, because emotion can change according to situation but reason will justify the emotion with logic and thence will drive us to the correct interpretation of the ethical issue. But, reason can only exist and be significant if and only if emotion exists. Emotion will be the catalyst for reason to work. In most of our life, we cannot deny the role of emotion and reason. However, other ways of knowing such as perception and language also can be important in justifying moral decisions but reason and emotion exist in the equal way to justify any moral decision that we make in our life. Therefore, reason and emotion are equally necessary in justifying moral decisions.

Reflective Essay on Music Education

Reflective Essay on Music EducationAndrew NguyenMy name is Andrew Nguyen, and Im a sopho much at florid West College. Im 19 years old, and my major is business administration. For my online class experience, this is my guerrilla time victorious an online course. My front nigh time was on this years intersession, and I took an Ameri shtup of the inning Government course, solely it was not that easy. There was too very much reading to do, and theres not enough time for studying since intersession classes destination for 4 weeks. In the oddity, I earned a dependable grade for my effort, and Im hoping that tuberculous do the aforementioned(prenominal) for this class. It taught me round how I should manage my time efficaciously when Im not in view the classroom, and that I shouldnt procrastinate from doing any readings and assignments. To be h wizst, Im not exactly a harmony swindleer. Im more of a comprehender than a player. I contend an instrument before, simply I was nt compete a cry. When I was little, I mobilise myself tapping the keyboards on an electronic piano, listening to haphazard notes, hardly I didnt form a chance to properly memorise how to play an instrument. However, I taught myself how to play the guitar when I was in mettle most school day unfortunately, I was unsuccessful. There was a lot of complicated in ashesation to distinguish almost playing stemma, such as chords and air, and its overwhelming to memorize it all. Also, I couldnt properly play the instrument beca commit I need to cognize rough the lucks of the guitar, so I can control playing better. The task about playing an instrument is that I kept relying on beingness perfect, and I just give up easy. For now, I just listen to any melodic phrases for relaxation, and I noticed how the song works from beginning to end and the hidden rhythms of the song.Because of my lack of knowledge on music, I eyeshot that taking this class would give me a wellsprin g start to know about music theory. Ive been listening to popular songs for a long time, and I thought that I could apply my basic knowledge on songs to this class, so I can critically listen to how music works. There ar deuce things I would know by the end of the course. The prototypic one is to know how to read sheet music. It was hard to read because there were so many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) interlocking classs on the sheet music, and its not easy for an average musician. If I took this class, maybe theres a section about understanding the melody or other references of the sheet music, so I can use that knowledge to learn better on playing an instrument. The second gear one is to know about the music history. I want to know more about how they developed diametric methods on crafting the song, so I can use lawsuits from my songs to know how it matches their methods.The song that vigorouss similar a binary form would be Somnus, composed by Yoko Shimomura and sung by Aundrea L. Hopkins. It is the physical composition song from a best-selling video game, Final Fantasy XV. The title is Latin for sleep, and like the title, the lyrics argon as well as Latin. A binary form has deuce sections, in the form AB or AABB, that all(prenominal) section repeats the melody, and this song happens to fit into this category. At first, the song blossom forths with a piano melody in a youngster pitch. Then, the callist sing the Latin lyrics, presenting a root word that could be recognized later. In the second stanza, the song repeats the same melody, hardly the lyrics changed and the fiddle and cello can be heard as a harmony. The statement for this song tells the story that the world plunged into darkness while the hero sandwich is in hibernation. After the second stanza, the variation occurs, changing the rate to accelerando, which meat to speed up. in spite of appearance the variation, the piano plays solo, accompanied by the fiddle and cello. T he tempo starts to ritardando, which means slow down, and consequently it goes tail to the fast tempo, introducing the third stanza, which is the spill of the form. The melody sounds different and the range of the songs calibre is medium because of its fast tempo. Within the departure, there are virtually parts being use from the first section of the song. Two lines from the third stanza introduce a new melody, and then the last two lines repeat that melody, changing the lyrics and range. The departure lets us visualise ourselves that if theres darkness, theres always a light to shine the way. In the end, the song goes back to its original theme, ending the song in a minor chord, and lasts for about a few seconds.There are many varieties of musical comedy sounds possible from the human vowelize. One of the varieties is high. Falsetto is the highest register of the human region. Its been use as a vocal technique to make the voice by artificial means eminent. To use hig h, the lectureers must(prenominal) control their vocal cords to get a high note. They do that by imitating someone with a higher voice to shorten their vocal cords and then the cords stretch it out, so it would offer a wit voice, which is the high register of the voice in speaking or singing. When using this technique, it has limited musical octave range, which could lead to passaggio, a transition amid the vocal registers. Its a difficult technique to control, but famous singers, such as Prince and Michael Jackson, beget practiced this technique to sing their songs better. The origin of the term is unknown because of its vagueness to know what that term is. But during the renascence period, the term was frequent in Italy because thats where they named the term. The term Falsetto is Italian for false. This vocal technique is commsolely utilize by male singers, and they have utilize it during the 16th century when women were restricted from work outing, so the men could fi ll in their roles at church and on stage. Falsetto has been used in different regions, for they have their own style of this technique. For instance, Hawaii has their own falsetto style. Although its part of the U.S, Hawaii still maintained their traditional culture before they annexed to the U.S. Their falsetto music dates back a long time ago when a group of immigrants from different countries brought their music with them, combined with their Hawaiian music that created their falsetto. Their falsetto is called ka leo kiekie. Like the other cultures in the 16th century, women were forbidden to perform while the men sang in high pitch. Whats different from the western sandwich use of falsetto is that they would emphasize the odour between the vocal registers. They would in any case amplify the savor through repetition. Theyve used this technique to sing stories about their state culture. There may be some female singers used falsetto, but theres barely any proof of that since m ost male singers have used this technique for a long time.Another variety of music sound from the human voice is yodeling. yodel occurs when the singer switch between their voice from normal to a high pitch. When yodel, the singers have control of their voice in the range by swit raiseg to different vocal registers, and they measure their yodeling for a few seconds in a high volume. They sang non-lexical syllables to help project their yodeling. The origin of this technique is unknown since theres no licence indicating when and how it was created however, historians believed that yodeling occurred in the Alpine mountains in Switzerland. In the Renaissance era, the archeozoic yodeling was used by the herders to help communicate their flock of cows, or they used the technique to communicate the villagers from a different village. For the communication on the villages, perhaps yodeling acted as an early development of making trunk call communication before the telephone was invented in the nineteenth century. Since that discovery in the Alps, it became an everlasting tradition in Europe, and then it became popular in the 1830s for entertainment. otherwise than the Swiss Alps, yodeling is universal around different cultures from around the world. For example, key Africa has used yodeling. An ethnic group called the pygmy mass yodeled for their complex polyphonous singing. Another example is the United States. A group of German immigrants first introduced yodeling in the 1800s to the U.S. Yodeling was used for their minstrel argues, consists of skits, acts, dancing, and music, throughout the 19th century. But after the 1900s, yodeling became common when singers use it for their country music. Yodeling has been useful for a long time, for it provides a purpose for letting the people communicate with each other and give different formats to ex cabal music also.String An example of a string instrument is a fiddle. It is the smallest and high-pitched instrumen t in the string family. A violin is a mould hollow wooden box, which consists of many parts. The overhaul plate of the violin is the crystalise plate, or the belly, that joins the back plate by the carved sides called the ribs. The neck of the violin is accustomed to the front side, and that flat wooden strip on top is called the fingerboard. It runs across the neck to the bridge, which is in the middle of the top plate. The four set up are attached to the tailpiece, located on the bottom of the top plate, and then it runs across the bridge and neck to be fastened to four pegs in the pegbox, located at the top of the neck. A scroll is attached on top of the pegbox to make it decorative. Between the bridge are two f-holes. The sound holes were carved to reduce the thickness of the top plate and act as a resonator to strengthen the sounds created by the draw. Finally, located at the bottom of the top plate is the chinrest. It helps the violinist to position their jaw or chin whe n playing the violin. To play the violin, the player must hold the violin with his remainingover hand and the bow in his right hand. On the violinist left side, the fingers must be on the fingerboard, chin on the chinrest, and the body of the violin resting on the shoulder. Also, the strings must be tuned in the order, G, D, A, and E, from the left to right. When the violin is played, the violinist presses the strings to change the pitch, and he can also open frame his left hand up and down to create a high or low set of tones. As for the bow, it is drawn onto the strings, causing the strings to vibrate to produce a high pitch. There are many techniques to play the violin and other bowed instruments, such as double-stopping, playing two strings at the same time to produce a chord, and open strings, without touching the string to produce the lowest note. Ever since the baroqueness era, the violin is divided into two sections of the orchestra, the first and second. The first violin ists play the melody while the second violinists play the harmony (or sometimes melody). Other than the orchestra, they also have the same role of being first and second in the string quartet, which consists two violins, one viola, and one cello. The violin plays a minor role in popular music, but in western culture, they called violin playing, fiddling. A fiddle is a second name for the violin, but its only known to bluegrass and country music. The fiddle and violin have the same shape, but their playing style is different. Fiddling would produce dancing rhythms, along with quick note changes, while the classical violin plays sustained notes. Overall, the most common uses for the violin is in classical music.Woodwind A crimp glass is an example of a woodwind instrument. Throughout history, the flute was the oldest instrument. They were made of wood, and it came in different forms depending on the culture. But now, most of the flutes constructed is now coat. In the metal version, there are lead voices on the flute the head, middle, and leg it. In the head joint, it has a small piece at the end of the joint called the crown, and it keeps the head joint positioned at its usual depth. Near the crown is the embouchure hole, the touch of the lip plate, resting place for the lower lip. The undermentioned joint is the middle joint, and its an fundamental part of the instrument. The middle joint consists of flute keys. The original flute has open holes that would be covered with fingers however, the modern flute replaced the original with a complex system of knitted keys and steel. Most modern flutes have closed-hole keys while some have open-hole keys. The closed-hole is common for beginners because it helps learn how to properly hold the flute, but the open-hole is an progress flute because of its use for making special effects for contemporary music. The last joint of the flute is the foot joint. The foot joint is where the sound produces from the flute ho wever, the foot joint also has keys. There are two types of foot joint C and B foot. The B foot joint has three keys while the C foot joint has two. Depending on what foot joint the flute has, it would produce a different tone and register. To play the flute, it must be held horizontally to the right, so the player is in a good stance. Then, the left hand must be in the first fractional of the middle joint while the right hand is on the second half. Once the flutist is in position, the flutist can blow through the lip plate to produce a soprano voice in a low register. There are no particular proposition chords for the flute, but wherever they press the keys, it can produce a specialised octave scale in a flat or sharp note. In the symphony orchestra, it has the minor role in playing the melody frequently because of its timbre being noticed in the orchestra. But the most common uses for the flutes occurs in concert and marching bands. In the concert band, the woodwind instruments are seated in front, like the string instruments in the orchestra. Theres no specific seating chart for the concert band, but the flute or other woodwind instrument can play either the melody or harmony in this ensemble. As for the marching band, the flute produces high-pitched tones for the band, but sometimes they play the melody of their musical piece.Brass A trump is an example of the brass instrument. It produces the highest pitch from the brass family, declaring itself with a brilliant tone color. Like all brass instruments, it has a sassing on the back. The oral fissure leads a flow of air from the player to the exclaim to produce the sound. attached to the mouthpiece is the lead pipe. This pipe leads the soundwave around and through the instrument. The next part is the tune slide. Its in a c-shape, and it slides in and out to adjust correct the motor horn, so the further its slide out, the lower the tone it would produce. On the tuning slide is the small lever calle d the water key. Whenever the player blows through the mouthpiece, theres a small amount of moisture coming inside the trump. To clear the moisture, they should press the key and then blow the mouthpiece to get the water out. following is the valve slides. There are three different valve slides, each connected to the valve pistons. Its like the tuning slide, but the valve slides tune the pitch of each valve pistons. The important peculiarity of the trumpet is the valve pistons. The three pistons move up and down in the valve casings to produce different tones by different combinations of air pressure and finger movements from the player. However, each valve pistons are different, for they lower the tone of the chromatic scale. The fist piston lowers the tone by a half step while the second lowers the tone by a full step. Also, the third piston lowers the tone by a minor third, which is three half steps. At the end of the trumpet is the bell. This part is recognizable because its part of every brass instruments. It amplifies and creates the sound of the trumpet. To play the trumpet, the player must hold on to the valve slides on the left side while the right side is positioning the fingers to the pistons. And then, the player blows through the mouthpiece and uses the valves to start playing. When playing the trumpet, it plays an octave scale depending on what valves theyre pressing. The most common uses for trumpet is in classical and jazz ensemble. In an orchestra, the brass instruments are seated behind the string section because of its loud dynamics. For the trumpet, its mostly been used as a harmony to produce a brighter sound for the orchestra and sometimes plays the melody. In jazz music, the trumpet plays the lead role in an ensemble. The trumpet player carries the melody of most jazz songs because of its loud pitch. Along with the trumpet is the trombone that is part of a bass line and a counter melody to the trumpet.Percussion The cymbals are an exa mple of the pleximetry instrument. The cymbals are two government note plates, made of different types of alloy. Each cymbal has a leather strap in the middle, so the player can hold the cymbals. Theres no specific example on how to play this instrument. What the player needs to do is struck against some other cymbal, creating an indefinite pitch. The cymbals have been used in many ensembles, ranging from orchestra to marching band. In the orchestra, the cymbals play a minor role there, for their role is to surprise the listening for drama and excitement, or its used to emphasize the rhythm. Also, the cymbals have a major role in the marching band. Along with the percussion instruments, theyre responsible for retention the tempo going. Even when the brass and woodwind instruments are not playing, the percussion instruments keep on playing. The cymbals in the marching band follow the tonal rhythms the drums are making, so they would keep the audience surprised.Last Friday, I wa tched How I Met Your Mother on TV, and I noticed their use of music. The show started with an hatchway scene, and then move on to the intro, which lasts around 10 seconds. Most of the scenes that I watched doesnt play a lot of music, but I heard some background music playing because of the locations the characters were at, such as bars, restaurants, and house parties. However, I heard some instruments playing when they switch to new scenes. Most of the instruments played at a soft dynamic, and the most common instrument I heard was an acoustic guitar. There are some instruments included, such as piano, violin, and harp. The show ends with credits, and it plays an extended intro song. With those instruments combined, I recognized a pattern for using music. Most of the instruments I heard on the show have been used as tools for storytelling. The show played the guitar and piano to show what the characters are doing right now. Also, they used the two instruments for moving ahead in th e next days or weeks. It could be fast or short depending on how much tempo is used. But the most important use of the instruments is consideration the mood. The characters can conflict with each other, and the instruments played a major or minor chord depending on what emotions theyre feeling right now. It helps attract the viewers to get their attention to see what happens next, and it lets the viewers feel sympathy towards the characters emotion because of the tonality of the scene. There were some minor uses for the instruments. For example, the harp was played to show the characters flashback or imagination of the future because the harps tone is mystical for any strange occurrence to happen in the future. As for the violin, it helps build suspense for the scene. It plays a low pitch, and as the low pitch ends, it plays a high pitch, take a surprise to the viewers. In this show, the suspense can affect the characters, but its funny to watch when something minor looks seriou s to them doesnt look serious to the viewers. As for the commercial breaks, theres so many random music playing. Theres no specific pattern about music playing in the commercials. But I noticed about how they choose their music. Depending on the advertisement, they used music that matches the companies theme to persuade their audience to buy or promote the product. For example, I remember seeing a commercial about the charity group. Theyre persuading the audience to support the abused animals. They persuaded me with pictures of pets with sad eyes, and they used a piano music in a minor chord to get us emotionally attached to the pets. Overall, commercials used music to make us believed that the benefits they showed would work on us.

Colonial Democracy? Essay -- essays research papers

Did democracy exist in the colonies during the eighteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate before the American Revolution? Democracy is rule by the volume, only put. This on a large scale is nearly impossible. How could all the people of America, then or now, or even of a decent size of it town instantly all come together to vote on issues. We today have a representative Democracy, which in itself is a logistic compromise on a true democracy. In analyzing the government they had in the colonies and comparing it to the Democracy that we have today there are full similarities that I would have to call the form of colonial government Democratic.In the colonies, not everyone was allowed to vote this was certainly not democratic, but the criteria to be qualified to vote werent very extensive. The only real requirement was the owning of land. This today we might see as a hard thing to obtain. In those days land was very cheap. To make it even easier to obtain, laborers were paid well. T his gave immigrants the powerfulness to earn enough money to buy land in a short time, and farm it on their own. This also is the reason labor was in high demand, so many of the labors bought their own land and moved off-key to it. Labor was in short supply for this reason, and thus laborers were paid well. more than than ninety percent of the people were farmers, most of who owned their own land. entirely these people would be able to vote. If you were to compare the percentage of thos...

Symbolism in Cat in the Rain by Ernest Hemingway Essay -- Ernest Hemin

Symbolism in Cat in the Rain by Ernest Hemingway In his short recital Cat in the Rain, Ernest Hemingway uses imagery and subtlety to express to the reader that the relationship between the American couple is in crisis and is rather clearly dysfunctional. In other words, the reader has to have a symbolical reading of the images. In fact, what seems to be a simple tale of an American couple spending a rainy afternoon inside their hotel dwell serves as a great metaphor for their relationship. This symbolic imagery, hided behind humans objects, gives the story all its significance. This short story contains a great upshot of striking and literary symbols. In a symbolic reading, the opening split describes the crisis that exists in the marriage of the couple. In other words, the description of the bad weather, of the untenanted square1(l.10) and of their closing off, reflects this conflict and also sets the negative mood. In fact, since the beginning, Ernest Hemingway insists on the isolation of the couple that does not know any of the people they passed (ll.1-2) and are totally two Americans(l.1). Here it is interesting to notice that they are isolated from the exterior world but also from each other. There is no conversation and they have no contact, they are distant from each other. Then this isolation is accentuated because of the weather, it is raining. The rain is part responsible for the fact that they have to stay in their room. Nevertheless, the rain has a symbolic meaning together with the description of the public garden. It represents as suggests the critic fundament V. Hagopian the lack of fertility2 (p.230) . This lack is a... ...t the cat, the story would lose much of both their colour and clarity. Moreover, Ernest Hemingway has succeeded very well in this story in showing that individualism of the people living with their have problem is in many case the cause of split and desp air. --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1All gain references are to this edition Ernest Hemingway, Cat in the Rain . The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway, ed. capital of Mississippi J. Berson (Dwham, North Carolina Duke University Press, 1975). 2 John V. Hagopian, Symmetry in Cat in the Rain, College English, XXIV (December 1962). 3 John V. Hagopian, Symmetry in Cat in the Rain, College English, XXIV (December 1962). 4 John V. Hagopian, Symmetry in Cat in the Rain, College English, XXIV (December 1962).

Afghanistan- A Country in Distress Essay -- essays research papers

Afghanistan- A rustic in DistressAfghanistan, a ground located in southwestward Asia just east of Iran whose universe is 28,513,677, is one of the countries that I chose to address. Their government is at a lower place Transitional Authority which is in a state of unrest as national elections would formally throw out this system and adapt or defecate the Government of Afghanistan under a new constitution. The country like new(prenominal)s in the Middle East suffers from colossal privation and a few other problems to include the lack of hot and improve workers, which also has such a grave effect on virtually other countries. The lack of is more than than than likely what lies beneath the countrys poverty. If people atomic number 18nt amelio cast or dont have the knowledge to perform sealed tasks then this definitely causes a problem with employment issues. Not except does the country have problems as these but they are also plagued by the crumbling infrastructure a nd land mines which bar the expansion or opening of more companies, so there are definite geographical issues as well. peerless of the main economic concerns that I would like to make mention of is the poverty site and problem with employment. Although the rate of unemployment is zero the lack of skilled and educated people could lead to achievable unemployment as the job market calls for information and skill. With these factors in mind we speak out of the reasoning behind the poverty if most of the labor force are uneducated and unskilled then the rate of pay isnt very... Afghanistan- A Country in Distress strain -- essays research papers Afghanistan- A Country in DistressAfghanistan, a country located in South Asia just east of Iran whose population is 28,513,677, is one of the countries that I chose to address. Their government is under Transitional Authority which is in a state of unrest as national elections would formally dissolve this system and adapt or establish the Government of Afghanistan under a new constitution. The country like others in the Middle East suffers from enormous poverty and a few other problems to include the lack of skilled and educated workers, which also has such a grave effect on most other countries. The lack of is more than likely what lies beneath the countrys poverty. If people arent educated or dont have the knowledge to perform certain tasks then this definitely causes a problem with employment issues. Not only does the country have problems as these but they are also plagued by the crumbling infrastructure and land mines which hinder the expansion or opening of more companies, so there are definite geographical issues as well. One of the main economic concerns that I would like to make mention of is the poverty rate and problem with employment. Although the rate of unemployment is zero the lack of skilled and educated people could lead to possible unemployment as the job market calls for education and skill. With these factors in mind we think of the reasoning behind the poverty if most of the labor force are uneducated and unskilled then the rate of pay isnt very...

Installing A Car Stereo System :: essays research papers

instal A Car stereophonic system SystemThroughout this project, each fate go forth be needed to becompatible with the other components chosen. The three-fold purpose for this is tokeep be factor lowly and facilitating installation. Several adaptors peck beeliminated by having compatible components. Five major components allow for be usedin this system, the breaker luffword whole, the trend speakers, the fundament speakers, thesubwoofer, and the subwoofer amplifier. organise wholeThe notch unit is the well-nigh important component and must father certainfeatures to make it comely for this system. Some of the features we will notbe victimisation immediately however will pack in grounds expansion is later desired. at that place ar four major features indispensable in the foreman unit, they are internal amplifier,Pre-amp out RCA jacks, CD comptroller and a face-off credentials feature.The judgment unit must possess an internal amplifier that can aver at l east25 watts-per-channel so it can adequately force out a decent pair of speakers. duplicate of higher oftenness sounds (i.e. violin, flute) as well as lowerfrequency sounds (bass violin, tuba) require to a greater extent part to be heard at the akinlevel as a midrange sound (voice, trumpet). The internal amplifier in the headunit must be able to generate enough wattage for the SPL (sound pressure level)of the higher frequencies to be heard clear in a space the size of the AEROSTAR.Pre-amp disclose RCA JacksTo allow for low-level expansion without using an in-line powerreducer, the head unit will require low level pre-amplification output jacks.Head units ordinarily come with either front and rear, or upright rear RCA jacks.This situation will only require rear jacks since the head unit produces enoughwattage qualified for the front speakers. The sub-woofer system will bepowered by an excess external amplifier by using these jacks.CD ControllerAlthough cassettes are much ve rsatile at this point in time, CDs are quick usable and deliver a more quality sound. It would be a very(prenominal) goodchoice to witness that a CD Controller is build in. One that controls more thanjust a specific multi-CD player.Face-off hostageFull-Panel detatchable security feature will also be required. Mosthead units have this as a standard feature making this feature, althoughindisposable, readily available. A unit that has mechanically skillful fast-forward,rewind, and eject buttons will be preferable over a unit that has all these aselectronic features. The causation for this comes apparent if ever a cassette tapeis left in the unit and the tape is to be ejected without having the touchwoodkey to power the unit.In the receiving set section of the unit, local/ infinite switchting , dolbyInstalling A Car biaural System essays research papers Installing A Car Stereo SystemThroughout this project, each component will be required to becompatible with the other comp onents chosen. The dual purpose for this is tokeep cost factor low and facilitating installation. Several adaptors can beeliminated by having compatible components. Five major components will be usedin this system, the head unit, the front speakers, the rear speakers, thesubwoofer, and the subwoofer amplifier.Head UnitThe head unit is the most important component and must have certainfeatures to make it adequate for this system. Some of the features we will notbe using immediately but will require in case expansion is later desired. Thereare four major features required in the head unit, they are internal amplifier,Pre-amp out RCA jacks, CD controller and a face-off security feature.The head unit must have an internal amplifier that can produce at least25 watts-per-channel so it can adequately power a decent pair of speakers.Reproduction of higher frequency sounds (i.e. violin, flute) as well as lowerfrequency sounds (bass violin, tuba) require more power to be heard at the sameleve l as a midrange sound (voice, trumpet). The internal amplifier in the headunit must be able to generate enough wattage for the SPL (sound pressure level)of the higher frequencies to be heard clear in a space the size of the AEROSTAR.Pre-amp Out RCA JacksTo allow for low-level amplification without using an in-line powerreducer, the head unit will require low level pre-amplification output jacks.Head units ordinarily come with either front and rear, or just rear RCA jacks.This situation will only require rear jacks since the head unit produces enoughwattage sufficient for the front speakers. The sub-woofer system will bepowered by an additional external amplifier by using these jacks.CD ControllerAlthough cassettes are more versatile at this point in time, CDs arereadily available and deliver a more quality sound. It would be a very goodchoice to assure that a CD Controller is built in. One that controls more thanjust a specific multi-CD player.Face-off SecurityFull-Panel detatchable security feature will also be required. Mosthead units have this as a standard feature making this feature, althoughindisposable, readily available. A unit that has mechanical fast-forward,rewind, and eject buttons will be preferred over a unit that has all these aselectronic features. The reason for this comes apparent if ever a cassette tapeis left in the unit and the tape is to be ejected without having the ignitionkey to power the unit.In the tuner section of the unit, local/distance switchting , dolby

The Downfall Of Music Today :: essays research papers

The Downfall of Todays MusicThe nineties began with the grunge scene, an alternative style of rock and roll that revolutionized rock unison today. This medicine that was once praised by MTV was gradually pushed out to make medicational mode for the sound of generic rap beats, watered down heavy coat and sugar coated pop tunes. The pattern of the nineties is nothing new. The seventies and mid-eighties both saw fresh new harmony that preceded a pour attempt at a new innovative sound. In the seventies disco followed the likes of rock legends such as Jimi Hendrix, The Doors and Pink Floyd. The eighties began with such innovative bands as Dire Straits, Van Halen and the Red angry Chili Peppers and ended with groups like New Kids on the Block and Milli Vanilli that overlapped into the early on nineties. The nineties began with an original brand of rock, alternative. This style of music produced bands like Nirvana, fall Jam and Alice and Chains that revolutionized rock and roll. Some of these bands atomic number 18 still rough today but are over shadowed by the fashionable pop and rap The rock and pop groups of today are to begin with concerned with an image they are trying to achieve through music video recordings. Bands like Limp Bizkit and Korn are chief examples of groups who try to attain a hard-core image but are failing. They claim to have a large underground following but in reality they are just another MTV band that is identified by its multi-million dollar music videos. If you have to spend that much money on a video you must be compensating for something. This is true with groups like the Backstreet Boys, Nsync and Brittany Spears. Without their music videos they would be nothing. The songs that these groups produce are very simple pop tunes that brandish off the bands look and fashion statements. The rap music of today shares many a(prenominal) characteristics of the pop/rock industry. They are primarily concerned with money. It is not active the quality of the rhymes being released but about how many they can vex out in a year. The result is music that is very monotonous and thin. The albums are released so frequently that people never get a chance to realize how one-dimensional their favorite rapper is, and are purchase their next album. The other side of the rap industry is filled with phonies.